Home⇛Annals of Tropical Research⇛vol. 42 no. 2 (2020)

Qualitative traits and genetic characterization of native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines

Cyrill John P. Godinez | Dinah M. Espina | Masahide Nishibori

 

Abstract:

The Philippines has a number of chicken genetic groups, mostly of non-descript and indigenous type. In view of the need to expand the information on native chicken diversity, this study was conducted to identify distinct qualitative traits and estimate genetic diversity and relationship among native chicken populations in selected areas of Eastern and Western Samar, Philippines. A total of 100 native chickens were qualitatively analyzed using a non-parametric test, and 43 generated mtDNA sequences were used in the genetic analysis. Results revealed significantly different distributions of plumage color among male native chickens and shank color in female native chickens ( <0.05). p The occurrence of plumage pattern, earlobe color and shank color for male native chickens and plumage color, plumage pattern, and earlobe color for female native chickens across Samar Island is not different (p>0.05). The genetic relationship showed 41.2% native chicken populations clustered to a group shared by Red junglefowl and native chicken, 29.4% clustered to a group closer to White Leghorn, and White Plymouth Rock chicken breeds, 17.6% clustered to a group shared by G. g. spadiceus and a commercial line, and 11.7% clustered to a group closer to Rhode Island Red and a commercial egg layer line. Samar native chickens had red (wild-type, e ) laced (lg) and brown (e ) pencilled (Pg) + b plumage in rooster and hen, respectively. The phenotypic and genetic information concluded that there is considerable diversity of native chickens in Samar, Philippines. There is a tremendous opportunity to work with larger sample size in the areas where a number of indigenous chickens have not yet been characterized.



References:

  1. Bejar FR, Baylon MJ, Fabillar JB, Mante LEB, Ultra AA, Aquino RR & Bejar ET. 2012. Management practices and morphological characterization of indigenous (native) chickens in Samar Province. Discussion Paper Series-Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), (2012-3)
  2. Boettcher PJ, Tixier-Boichard M, Toro MA, Simianer H, Eding H, Gandini G, Joost S, Garcia D, Colli L, Ajmone-Marsan P & Gobaldiv Consortium, 2010. Objectives, criteria and methods for using molecular genetic data in priority setting for conservation of animal genetic resources. Animal Genetics 41 (Supplement 1): 64-77
  3. Cabarles JC, Lambio AL, Vega SA, Capitan SS & Mendioro MS, 2012. Distinct morphological features of traditional chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) in Western Visayas, Philippines. Animal Genetic Resources 51:73-87
  4. Crawford RD. 1990. Poultry Biology: Origin and History of Poultry Species. In Crawford RD (ed) Poultry Breeding and Genetics. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Amsterdam and New York
  5. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS). 2011. Breeds Reported by Philippines. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System. http://dad.fao.org
  6. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2011. Molecular genetic characterization of animal genetic resources. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines. No. 9. Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/i2413e/i2413e00.pdf
  7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2012. Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines No. 11. Rome. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/12686e/i26 86e00
  8. Gongora J, Rawlence NJ, Mobegi VA, Jianlin H, Alcalde JA, Matus JT, Hanotte O, Moran C, Austin JJ, Ulm S & Anderson AJ. 2008. IndoEuropean and Asian origins for Chilean and Pacific chickens revealed by mtDNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105(30):10308-10313
  9. Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41:95-98
  10. Liu YP, Wu GS, Yao YG, Miao YW, Luikart G, Baig M, Beja-Pereira A, Ding ZL, Palanichamy MG & Zhang YP. 2006. Multiple maternal origins of chickens: out of the Asian jungles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(1):12-19
  11. Mcgraw KJ and Klasing KC. 2006. Carotenoids, immunity, and integumentary coloration in red junglefowl (Gallus gallus). The Auk 123(4):1161-1171 
  12. Miao YW, Peng MS, Wu GS, Ouyang YN, Yang ZY, Yu N, Liang JP, Pianchou G, Beja- Pereira A, Mitra B & Palanichamy MG. 2013, Chicken domestication: an updated perspective based on mitochondrial genomes. Heredity 110:277-282
  13. Myers N. Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, Da Fonseca GA & Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858
  14. Nishibori M, Hanazono M, Yamamoto Y, Tsudzuki M & Yasue H. 2003. Complete nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA in White Leghorn and White Plymouth Rock chickens. Animal Science Journal 74(5):437-439
  15. Nishibori M, Shimogiri T, Hayashi T & Yasue H. 2005. Molecular evidence for hybridization of species in the genus Gallus except for Gallus varius. Animal genetics 36(5):367-375
  16. Nishibori M, Win N, Mannen H, Yamagata T, Tanaka K, Suzuki Y, Kurosawa Y, Nozawa K, Hla T, Daing T, Nyunt MM, Yamamoto Y & Maeda Y. 2004. Complete sequence of mitochondrial D-loop region of red junglefowls (Gallus gallus) and their genetic diversity in Myanmar and its neighbor countries. Report of the Society for Researches on Native Livestock 21:213-223
  17. Nishida T, Rerkamnuaychoke W, Tung DG, Saignaleus S, Okamoto S, Kawamoto Y, Kimura J, Kawabe K, Tsunekawa N, Otaka H & Hayashi Y. 2000. Morphological identification and ecology of the red jungle fowl in Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 71(5):470-480
  18. Paxton EH. 2009. The utility of plumage coloration for taxonomic and ecological studies. Open Ornithological Journal 2:17-23
  19. Picardal JP, Afable FA, Lagman MCA, Campoto EA, Palada EP & Valdez MB Jr. 2015. Phenotypic Characterization of Native Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Eastern Samar, Philippines. IAMURE International Journal of Ecology and Conservation 15(1):242
  20. Saitou N and Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4(4):406-425
  21. Salces AJ, Yebron Jr MGN, Salces CB & Dominguez JMD. 2015. Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of Boholano genetic group of Philippine native chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus, L.). Philippine Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 41(1):1-11
  22. Shand H. 1997. Human nature: agriculture biodiversity and farm-based food security. An independent study prepared by the Rural Advancement Foundation International for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United State Nations. Ottawa, Canada
  23. Smyth J. 1990. Genetics of plumage, skin, and eye pigmentation in chicken. In Crawford RD (ed) Poultry breeding and genetics. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers
  24. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A & Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30(12):2725- 2729
  25. Thompson JD, Higgins DG & Gibson TJ. 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22(22):4673-4680
  26. Thomson VA, Lebrasseur 0, Austin JJ, Hunt TL, Burney DA, Denham T, Rawlence NJ, Wood JR, Gongora J, Flink LG & Linderholm A. 2014. Using ancient DNA to study the origins and dispersal of ancestral Polynesian chickens across the Pacific. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(13):4826-4831
  27. Yu M, Yue Z, Wu P, Wu DY, Mayer JA, Medina M, Widelitz RB, Jiang TX & Chương CM. 2004. The developmental biology of feather follicles. The International journal of developmental biology 48:181-191

 


Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic