Teaching Beginning Reading through Magic Square Activity in a Multi-Grade Classroom
Janine Alivio | Vilma Arazo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study determined the contribution of magic square activity in teaching beginning reading in a multi-grade
classroom. This study utilized a one group pretest-posttest experimental research design. frequency, percentage, mean
and standard deviation, paired t- test, simple linear regression and independent samples t-test were the statistical
techniques employed in the study. The paired samples t-test conducted to determine if there were significant
differences comparing the pre-test with post-test performance of the pupils using the Magic Square activity. The results
indicate a significant improvement in the performance of the pupils, with an average score of 10.87 in the pretest and
18.80 in the posttest. This suggests that the use of the Magic Square activity has a positive impact on the pupils'
performance in reading and decoding words. Moreover, the attitudes of the pupils towards the activity become more
positive as well as the posttest performance also tends to improve. Furthermore, the t-tests for both pretest and posttest
scores were not significant, indicating that there was no significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores between
male and female pupils. The study concluded that the used of magic square activity has a positive impact and
significantly improved the learner’s performance in reading.
References:
- Adams, H., et al (2020). A strong understanding of phonemic concepts. https://study.com/academy/lesson/evidence-based-instruction- for-phonemc-awareness.html.
- Anderson,R.C. (1997). Schema Theory. Retrieved October on 2012. https://www.http://etec.ctlt.ubc.ca/510wiki/Schem-Theory
- Bowers, J.S. & Bowers, P.N. (2018). The importance of correctly characterizing the English spelling system when devising and evaluating methods of reading instruction. Comment on Taylor, Davis, and Rastle (2017). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325055109_Print-sound_regularities_are_more_important_than_printmeaning_regularities_in_the_Initial_stages_of_learning_to_read_Response_to_Bowers_Bowers_2018/link/5b16905a6fdcc31bbf5ad03/download
- Campbell, D. T., & Riecken, H. W. (1968). Quasi-experimental design. International encyclopedia of the social sciences, 5,pp. 259-263.
- Chard, D. J., & Dickson, S. V. (2019). Phonological awareness: Instructional and assessment guidelines. Retrieved October 11, 2018,from LD Online: http://www.ldonline.org/article/6254/
- DepEd Order no. 173, s. (2019). Hamon: bawat bata bumabasa, 3Bs initiative https://www.deped.gov.ph/2019/11/22/november-22-2019-dm-173-s-2019-hamon-bawat-bata-bumabasa-3bs-initiative/
- De Roxas C. (2018). Increasing Grade One-Daffodil’s Reading Performace and Word Recognition in Filipino Through Titik Tunog Routine. The Quezonian Educators, The Official Research Journal of the Schools Division of Quezon https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/6513
- Girotto,S.,G.G.,Franco,S.,Magalhaes,S.,et al.,(2017). Reasons for Reading in Infancy and the Child’s Development under the Light of
- Historical-Cultural Theory: A Path to Understand the Development of the Reading Ability in Childhood. Creative Education. Vol.8,
- No. 6, 2017. https://online.mc.edu/degrees/education/med/elementary/reading-for elemenTary-students/
- Huyen, N., & Nga, K. (2003). Learning Vocabulary Through Games. Asian EFL Journal. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1101751.pdf
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (2018). Why is phonemic awareness important? readiness/phonemic awareness. https://study.com/academy/lesson/evidence-based-instruction-for-phonemic-awareness.html.
- Pappa, T. (2000). The Joy of Mathematics. http://nrich.maths.org/magic-square-intro.
- Piaget, J. (1936). The Cognitive Theory. Retrieved o 2011. https://positivepsychology.com/piaget-stagestheory/#:~:text=consciouness%20and%20thoughts.,Piaget’s%20Cognitive%20Development%20ThEory,changes%2C%20reflecting%20these%20cognitive%20developments.
- Sigmundsson, H.; SigmufI., J.E.; Dybendal, B.H. (2023). Well-Being and Perceived Competence in School Children from 1 to 9 Class. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032116
- Skinner, B. (1976). Behavioral Reinforcement Theory. In Weaver 2016. Retrieved on 2017. http://www.simplypsychologogy
- Tomas, M., Villaros, E., & Galman, S.(2021).The Perceived Challenges in Reading of Learners: Basis for School Reading Programs.
- Open Journal foR Social Sciences. Vol.9 ,No.5, 2021. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=109033
- Wolf, G., (2018). Developing Reading Automaticity and Fluency: Revisiting What Reading Teachers Know, Putting Confirmed Research into Current Practice. Creative Education. Vol.09, No. 06, 2018, page 18. https://www.scirp.org/html/3-6303942_84467.htm