Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 18 no. 5 (2024)

Balancing Burdens: Examining Workload, Time Pressure, and Burnout Among Bank Employees

Kleven Jake Villamor | Dianne Faith Abne | Jane Clear Bajalan | Charles Kennedy Jara | Jess Aldion Linda

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the status of workload, the extent of time pressure, the level of burnout among bank employees in Cotabato Province, and their relationships, utilizing the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory. This theory suggests that the demands of a job, such as a high workload and time pressure, can lead to burnout and disengagement. Quantitative descriptive research was utilized to describe workload status, the extent of time pressure, and the level of burnout among bank employees, involving survey questionnaires distributed to 50 conveniently selected bank employees. Area sampling and convenience sampling are used to identify the respondents. The study revealed a moderate level of burnout time pressure, and a high workload among bank employees in the province. Also, it was established that there is a significant relationship between workload and burnout (p<.05) and time pressure and burnout (p<.05). Moreover, it was found that only time pressure can significantly influence burnout on its single capacity. The study's findings align with The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory. These findings highlight the importance of managing job demands effectively to prevent burnout and promote employee health and productivity. Organizations should consider implementing strategies to reduce excessive workload and time pressure while also providing resources and support to help employees cope with job demands effectively.



References:

  1. Aguwa, E. N., Nduka, I., & Arinze-Onyia, S. (2014). Assessment Of Burnout Among Health Workers And Bankers In Aba South
  2. Local Government Area, Abia State, Southeast Nigeria. Nigerian Journal Of Clinical Practice. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/1119-3077.130229.
  3. Ahamed, T., Sultana, S. S., & Hossain, M. A. (2013). Stress And Psychological Well-Being Of Nurses In A Private Hospital In
  4. Bangladesh. Journal Of Health, Population, And Nutrition. Ahola, K., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Seppanen, J. (2017). Interventions To Alleviate Burnout Symptoms And To Support Return To Work Among Employees With Burnout: Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Burnout Research, Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Burn.2017.02.001
  5. Alaca, N., Yıldız, A., Zeytin, Y., Karaca, M., & Dilek, B. (2022). Evaluation Of Physical Activity, Sleep Quality And Time
  6. Management Skills Of Physiotherapy And Rehabilitation Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic Process. Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR.
  7. Alif Et Al., (2023). The Effect Of Hope And Self-Efficacy On Employee Burnout. Https://Scite.Ai/Reports/10.12928/Jehcp.V1i1.23550.
  8. Althubaiti, A. (2016). Information Bias In Health Research: Definition, Pitfalls, And Adjustment Methods. Journal Of Multidisciplinary Healthcare Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.2147/JMDH.S104807.
  9. Anderst, W., Charles, S., Zarei, M., Mani, A., Frankston, N., Hammersley, E., Zhang, G., Hogan, M., & Krafty, R. (2022). Using
  10. Simultaneous Confidence Bands To Calculate The Margin Of Error In Estimating Typical Biomechanical Waveforms. Journal Of Applied Biomechanics.
  11. Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., & Jensen, S. M. (2009). Psychological Capital: A Positive Resource For Combating Employee Stress And Turnover. Human Resource Management.
  12. Bakker AB, Demerouti E (2017) Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking Stock And Looking Forward. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology.
  13. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2014). Job Demands-Resources Theory. In P. Y. Chen & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Work And Wellbeing:Wellbeing: A Complete Reference Guide. Wiley-Blackwell.
  14. Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A.I. (2013). Burnout And Work Engagement: The JD-R Approach.
  15. Bondarenko, O., Reznik, O., Dumchikov, M., & Horobets, N. (2020). FEATURES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF A MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL FOR FAILURE TO PERFORM OR IMPROPER PERFORMANCE OF THEIR PROFESSIONAL DUTIES IN UKRAINE. Wiadomosci Lekarskie..
  16. Borg, G. (2019). Perceived Exertion As An Indicator Of Somatic Stress. Scandinavian Journal Of Rehabilitation Medicine.
  17. Brown C., & Jones D., (2018). “Setting Realistic Goals To Manage Time Pressure,” Journal Of Financial Management.
  18. Brown Et Al., (2019). The Impact Of Mental Distance On Job Satisfaction Among Bank Employees. Journal Of Organizational Psychology.
  19. Brown Et Al., (2019). The Impact Of Workload On Burnout Among Bank Employees: A Longitudinal Study. Journal Of Occupational Health.
  20. Brown S., & Jones P. (2019). Effective Time Management Strategies For Bank Employees: Coping With Time Pressures In Today’s Banking Industry.
  21. Brown, A., Johnson, M., & Smith, J. (2019). The Influence Of Time Pressure On Decision-Making Abilities In Banking.
  22. Brown, C., Johnson, A., & Smith, B. (2020). The Effect Of Time Pressure On Customer Service Quality In The Banking Industry.
  23. Callahan, B., Mcmurdie, P. J., Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J., & Holmes, S. (2016). DADA2: High-Resolution Sample Inference From Illumina Amplicon Data. Nature Methods.
  24. Carter Et Al., (2020). Supportive Leadership And Employee Mental Distance In The Banking Industry. Journal Of Leadership Studies.
  25. Chadegani, A. A., Mohamed, Z. M., & Iskandar, T. M. (2015b). The Influence Of Individual Characteristics On Auditors’ Intention
  26. To Report Errors. Journal Of Economics, Business And Management. Https://Doi.Org/10.7763/Joebm.2015.V3.271
  27. Chen Et Al., (2020). The Moderating Role Of Job Resources In The Relationship Between Time Pressure And Burnout Among Bank Employees. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology
  28. Chen, L., Et. Al., (2018). The Impact Of Time Pressure On Customer Service Errors And Customer Satisfaction. Journal Of Marketing.
  29. Chen, L., Lee, S., & Wang H. (2013). The Impact Of Time Pressure On Turnover Intention Among Bank Employees.
  30. Clifton J. (2016). State Of The American Workplace [Brief] Http://Www.Gallup.Com/Services/178514/State-American Workplace.Aspx?G_Source=EMPLOYEE_WORKENGAGEMENT&G_Medium=Topic&G_Campaign=Tiles
  31. Davis Et Al., (2022). Work-Life Balance Initiatives And Mental Distance: A Study On Bank Employees.
  32. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The Job Demands Resources Model Of Burnout. Journal Of Applied Psychology.
  33. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner F., & Schaufeli, W.B. (2014). The Job Demands-Resources Model Of Burnout.
  34. Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships Between Nurses’ Empathy, Self-Compassion And Dimensions Of Professional Quality Of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal Of Nursing Studies. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijnurstu.2016.02.015.
  35. Fowler, S. (2013). Long‐Term Effects Of The Diabetes Prevention Program Interventions On Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Report From The DPP Outcomes Study. Diabetic Medicine, 30.
  36. Giorgi Et Al., (2017). Work-Related Stress In The Banking Sector: A Review Of Incidence, Correlated Factors, And Major Consequences. Front Psychol.
  37. Goh J., Pfeffer J., Zenios S. A. (2016). The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors And Mortality And Health Costs In The United States. Management Science.
  38. Hajiali Et Al., (2022). Determination Of Work Motivation, Leadership Style, Employee Competence On Job Satisfaction And Employee Performance. Golden Ratio Of Human Resource Management.
  39. Hart, S. G. (2013). Nasa-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX); 20 Years Later. In Proceedings Of The Human Factors And Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. SAGE Publications.
  40. Hecht, T., Rosing, K., & Braun, S. (2021). Time Pressure, Workload, And Burnout In Humanitarian Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study. Frontiers In Psychiatry. Doi:10.3389/Fpsyt.2021.646464
  41. Hübel, C. (2022). Entrepreneurship-Driven Organizational Transformation For Sustainability: A Sensemaking Lens. Journal Of Organizational Change Management.
  42. Hussain, H. N., Alabdullah, T., Jamal, K. A. M., & Ahmed, E. R. (2023). Time Management As A Critical Success Factor In The Oil
  43. Industry Of Basra Governorate: An Accounting Information Systems Study. International Journal Of Scientific And Management Research.
  44. Isa, E., & Muafi, M. (2022). Human Capital, Organizational Learning And Their Effects On Innovation Behavior And Performance Of Banking Employees. International Journal Of Finance & Banking Studies.
  45. Jackson, M., & Williams, K. (2016). Time Pressure And Customer Service Quality: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal Of Service Research.
  46. Jiang, J., Hu, J., & Wang, Z. (2016). The Impact Of Emotional Intelligence On Work Engagement Of Bank Employees: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Commitment. International Journal Of Business Administration.
  47. Johnson B., (2017). “The Role Of Delegation In Managing Time Pressure,” International Journal Of Business Studies.
  48. Johnson Et Al., (2018). Workload Factors Contributing To Employee Burnout: A Comparative Study Among Bank Employees In Different Countries. Journal Of Organizational Behavior.
  49. Johnson Et Al., (2019). Exploring The Mediating Role Of Mental Distance In The Relationship Between Workload And Burnout. Journal Of Applied Psychology.
  50. Johnson Et Al., (2020). Time Management Strategies In High-Pressure Environments. Harvard Business Review.
  51. Jones Et Al., (2017). Time Pressure And Employee Well-Being: A Study On Bank Employees’ Burnout Levels. International Journal Of Stress Management.
  52. Kalimo, R., Hakanen, J. J., Toppinen-Tanner, S., & Kinnunen, U. (2020). The Impact Of Working Conditions And Organizational
  53. Justice On The Development Of Burnout: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Journal Of Psychosomatic Research.
  54. Karabay, M. E., Tezergil, S. A., & Köse, A. (2014). Does Motivation Mediate The Job Performance And Burnout? Evidence From Turkish Banking Sector. American International Journal Of Social Science.
  55. Karatepe, O. M. (2013). The Effects Of Work Overload And Work-Family Conflict On Job Embeddedness And Job Performance: The Mediation Of Emotional Exhaustion. International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  56. Karatepe, O. M., & Kilic, H. (2015). The Effects Of Job Demands, Job Resources, And Job Satisfaction On Job Performance: The Mediating Role Of Job Satisfaction. International Journal Of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
  57. Kord, H., Damani, F., & Parvaresh, A. (2015). The Study Of Occupational Stress And Its Relationship With Knowledge Management Based On HSE Model. Creative Education, 06(12), 1416–1427. Https://Doi.Org/10.4236/CE.2015.612142
  58. Koutsimani Et Al., (2019). The Relationship Between Burnout, Depression, And Anxiety: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Frontiers In Psychology. Profiling Development Of Burnout Over Eight Years: Relation With Job Demands And Resources. European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Fpsyg.2019.00284
  59. Lee Et Al., (2018). Job Stressors, Coping Strategies, And Burnout Among Korean Bank Employees. Journal Of Occupational Health.
  60. Lee K., Williams M., & Johnson B., (2020). “Effective Communication In Managing Time Pressure,” Journal Of Communication Studies.
  61. Lee, S. H., Sohn, Y. W., & Moon, Y. L. (2019). The Effects Of Customer Contact Types On Emotional Labor, Job Satisfaction, And Burnout Among Bank Employees. Journal Of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, And Complexity.
  62. Lee, Z., Gordon‐Wilson, S., Davies, I., & Pring, C. (2023). Communicating About Sustainability In Fashion: A Construal Level Theory
  63. Approach. European Journal Of Marketing.
  64. Lubbadeh, T. (2021). Job Burnout And Counterproductive Work Behavior Of The Jordanian Bank Employees. Https://Doi.Org/10.2478/Orga-2021-0004
  65. Martinez Et Al., (2020). Time Pressure And Burnout: The Moderating Role Of Employee Assistance Programs. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology.
  66. Maslach Et Al., (2016). Stress: Concepts, Cognition, Emotion, And Behavior.
  67. Maslach Et Al., (2016). Understanding The Burnout Experience: Recent Research And Its Implications For Psychiatry. World Psychiatry. Https://Doi.Org10.1002/Wps.20311
  68. Mason, M., & Wilson, J. (2013). Extending Construal-Level Theory To Distributed Groups: Understanding The Effects Of Virtuality.Organizational Science.
  69. Mohammed, E. J., & Abdullah, S. (2022). The Quality Of Audit Work Under Expert System. Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences.
  70. Moneke, N. (2018). Impact Of Job Stress On Employee Performance In A Banking Environment. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social Sciences.
  71. Naqvi, S. B. S., Naqvi, S. H., & Naqvi, S. S. (2013). Stress And Stress Management Strategies. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social Sciences.
  72. Ozkan A. Et. Al., (2013). The Effects Of Occupational Stress On Burnout And Life Satisfaction: A Study In Accountants. Qual Quant.
  73. Rahman H. (2013). Job Stress-Employees Performance And Health: A Study On A Commercial Bank In Bangladesh. Global J Manag Bus Res.
  74. Rubio-Valdehita Et Al., (2017). Development Of The Carmen-Q Questionnaire For Mental Workload Assessment. Psicothema.
  75. Saha, P., & Ghosh, S. (2017). The Impact Of Job Stress On Job Satisfaction Among Bank Employees: A Study On State Bank Of India, Agartala. International Journal Of Engineering Technology Science And Research.
  76. Salama, W., Abdou, A., Mohamed, S., & Shehata, H. (2022). Impact Of Work Stress And Job Burnout On Turnover Intentions Among Hotel Employees. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health.
  77. Sarianti Et Al., (2018). The Effects Of Work-Family Conflict On Turnover Intention Of Bank Employees In Padang With Burnout As The Mediating Variable. Https://Scite.Ai/Reports/10.2991/Piceeba-18.2018.59.
  78. Schaufeli, W., & Enzmann, D. (2020). The Burnout Companion To Study And Practice: A Critical Analysis. The Burnout Companion To Study And Practice: A Critical Analysis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1201/9781003062745
  79. Schaufeli, W.B. Et Al., (2017). Burnout: A Short Socio-Cultural History. Burnout, Fatigue, Exhaustion: An Interdisciplinary Perspective On A Modern Affliction.
  80. Schultz Et Al., (2015). Psychology And Work Today: Pearson New International Edition Course Smart Etextbook. Routledge. Behavioral Research In Accounting Https://Doi.Org/10.2308/Bria.2002.14.1.223
  81. Segbenya, M. And Hatsu, T. A. S. (2022). Effect Of Job-Related Stress On Employee Performance At Selected Banks In Ghana.Journal Of Business And Enterprise Development (JOBED). Https://Doi.Org/10.47963/Jobed.V10i.889
  82. Setter, R. O., Franklin, E., & Mora, C. (2022). Co-Occurring Anthropogenic Stressors Reduce The Timeframe Of Environmental Viability For The World’s Coral Reefs. Plos Biology.
  83. Singh, V., & Singh, M. (2018). A Burnout Model Of Job Crafting: Multiple Mediator Effects On Job Performance. IIMB Manag. Rev.Doi: 10.1016/J.Iimb.2018.05.001
  84. Smith A., Johnson B., & Brown C. (2015). “Time Management Strategies For Bank Employees,” Journal Of Banking And Finance.
  85. Smith A., Johnson B., & Williams C. (2015). The Impact Of Time Pressure On Job Satisfaction Among Bank Employees.
  86. Smith, A. Et Al., (2019). Workload And Stress In The Modern Workplace: A Comprehensive Study. Journal Of OccupationalPsychology.
  87. Smith, E., & Baker, P. (2020). Time Pressure In Customer Service And Its Effects On Service Recovery Costs. Journal Of Customer Satisfaction.
  88. Smith, J. Et Al., (2015). Exploring Burnout Among Bank Employees: The Role Of Emotional Labor And Job Insecurity. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology.
  89. Smith, J., Johnson, M., & Brown, A. (2015). The Impact Of Time Pressure On Stress And Burnout In Bank Employees.
  90. Penprase, B., Oakley, B., Ternes, R., & Driscoll, D. L. (2015). Do Higher Disposition For Empathy Predispose Males Toward Careers In Nursing? A Descriptive Correlational Design. Nursing Forum.
  91. Tett, R. P., Burnett, D. D., & Elfenbein, H. A. (2015). Ethical Considerations In Organizational Politics: Expanding The Relationship Between Political Skill And Counterproductive Work Behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive Work Behavior: Investigations Of Actors And Targets. American Psychological Association. Vanchapo, C. (2020). The Impact Of Workload On Employee Performance. Journal Of Management.
  92. Van Den Broeck, A., De Cuyper, N., De Witte, H., & Vansteenkiste, M. (2010). Not All Job Demands Are Equal: Differentiating Job Hindrances And Job Challenges In The Job Demands–Resources Model. European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology.
  93. Van Den Heuvel, M., Demerouti, E., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2015). The Job Crafting Intervention: Effects On Job Resources, Self-Efficacy, And Affective Well-Being. Journal Of Occupational And Organizational Psychology. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Joop.12128
  94. Wekke (2019). Lecturers’ Participation In Applying Blended Learning In Islamic Higher Education In Indonesia. Universal Journal Of Educational Research. Https://Doi.Org/10.13189/Ujer.2019.071207
  95. White, E. M., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., And Mchugh, M. D. (2020). Nursing Homework Environment, Care Quality, Registered Nurse Burnout, And Job Dissatisfaction. Geriatr. Nurs. Https//:Doi.Org.10.1016/J.Gerinurse.2019.08.007
  96. Wigert B., Agrawal S. (2018, July 12). Employee Burnout, Part 1: The 5 Main Causes. Gallup. Https://Www.Gallup.Com/Workplace/237059/Employee-Burnout-Part-Main-Causes.Aspx
  97. Williams M., Smith A., & Brown C., (2013). “Planning And Organization Strategies For Bank Employees,” Journal Of Organizational Behavior.
  98. Wu, C. M., Schulz, E., Pleskac, T. J., & Speekenbrink, M. (2022). Time Pressure Changes How People Explore And Respond To Uncertainty. Scientific Reports, 12.
  99. Wulandari, V. T., & Hafidz, G. P. (2023). The Influence Of Job Stress, Workaholism And Work Engagement On Job Satisfaction And Turnover Intention In The Garment Industry. International Journal Of Social Science, Education, Communication And Economics (SINOMICS JOURNAL).
  100. Xi, N., Chen, J., Gama, F., Riar, M., & Hamari, J. (2022). The Challenges Of Entering The Metaverse: An Experiment On The Effect Of Extended Reality On Workload. Information Systems Frontiers.
  101. Zaki, M. (2016). The Impact Of Workload On Employee Well-Being. Journal Of Occupational Health Psychology.
  102. Zhang L. Et Al. (2014). Mental Health And Burnout In Primary And Secondary School Teachers In The Remote Mountain Areas Of Guangdong Province In The People’s Republic Of China. Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat.

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic