Home⇛Annals of Tropical Research⇛vol. 44 no. 1 (2022)

Assessment of sesquioxides status of some uplands soils in humid southwest Nigeria

Julius Olayinka Ojetade | Emmanuel Adeboye Adesemuyi | Alani Adeagbo Amusan | Ruth Oluwakemi Adegbenro | Sikiru Adekoya Muda

 

Abstract:

Assessment of some sesquioxides in the upland soils in southwestern Nigeria was undertaken to evaluate their degree of weathering under humid tropical conditions. Samples were taken from genetic horizons of eight soil profile pits sited at different physiographic positions along two toposequences in southwestern Nigeria. The samples were analyzed for gravel content, particle size distribution, bulk density, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P, exchangeable bases, crystalline and amorphous forms of Fe and Al, using standard procedures. Sand fraction ranged from 31–76% (54.49±11.34), silt from 3–19% (10.21±3.61) and clay from 10–55% (35.3±9.7). Bulk density increased with profile depth, ranging between 1.12 and 1.64g cm (1.39 0.13). pH was low (4.2–6.1; 5.0 0.55), organic -3 ± The ± carbon content ranged from 0.75–15.99g kg (5.79 3.49) with higher values in the -1 ± surface horizons. Total nitrogen content ranged from low to medium (0.13–2.75g kg ; 1.16 while available phosphorus ranged from 0.49–11.63mg kg -1 -1 ±0.49) (4.30±3.57) across the horizons. Crystalline forms of Fe (Fe ) and Al (Al ) ranged d d from 10.26 39.82 and 0.41 1.80 , respectively while the amorphous -1 -1 – g kg – g kg forms (Fe an Al ) ranged from 0.41 2.60 and 0.83 1.64 respectively. o o d -1 -1 – g kg – g kg , The crystalline forms of Fe and Al were more dominant over the amorphous forms d d of Fe and Al . The a s d o o rgillic (Bt) horizon of pedons ha significant accumulation of clay particles and free iron. The weathering indices of clay and free iron accumulation in argillic (Bt) horizons of the pedons indicated that the soils of the study area were well-drained, deeply weathered and intensely leached with few weatherable minerals available for plant uptake.



References:

  1. Ajiboye GA, Ogunwale JA & Aduloju MO. 2015. Profile distribution of crystalline and amourphous sesquioxides in talc overburden soils of Southern Guinea Savanna ecology in Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Soil Science 25:58-69
  2. Amusan AA. 1991. Pedogenesis in granitic gneiss of humid tropical Southwestern Nigeria (PhD dissertation). Obafemi Awolowo University, Department of Soil Science, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  3. Angers DA and Chenu C. 1998. Dynamics of Soil Aggregation and Carbon. Sequestration. In Lal R Kimble JM, Follett RF & Stewart BA (eds) Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (pp199-206). Advances in Soil Science, CRC Press
  4. Asemoa GK. 1973. Particle size and free iron oxide distribution in some latosols and ground laterites of Ghana. Geoderma 10(4): 285-297
  5. Azeez KO. 1998. Pedogenesis and Potassium distribution ion marble overburden at Igbeti, Oyo State, Nigeria (MS thesis). Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
  6. Blake GR and Hartge KH. 1986. Bulk density. In Klute A (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 (pp363-376). SSSA Book Series No. 9 Soil Science Society of America Inc., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
  7. Blume HP and Schwertmann U. 1969. Genetic evaluation of the profile distribution of aluminum, iron and manganese oxides. Soil Science Society of America 33(3):438-444
  8. Bremner JM. 1996. Total Nitrogen. In Sparks DL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 (pp1085-1122). SSSA Book Series No. 5. Soil Science Society of America Inc., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
  9. Calvert CS, Buol SW & Weed SB. 1980. Mineralogical characteristics and transformation of a vertical Rock-Saprolite-Soil sequence in the North Carolina Piedmont: 1. Profile Morphology, chemical composition and mineralogy. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44(5):1096-1103
  10. Childs CW, Parfitt RL & Lee R. 1983. Movement of aluminum as inorganic complex in some podzolised soils, New Zealand. Geoderma 29(2):139-155
  11. Ciolkosz EJ, Waltman WJ & Thurman NC. 1993. Iron and Aluminum in Pennsylvania Soils. Agronomy Series No 127. Agronomy Department. The Pennsylvania State University
  12. Driesssen P, Deckers J, Spargaren O & Nachtergaele F. 2001. Lecture notes on the major soils of the world. World Resources Report 94, FAO, Rome
  13. Duiker SW, Rhoton FE, Torrent J. Smeck NE & Lal R. 2003, Iron (hydro) oxide crystallinity effects on soil aggregation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 67(2):606-611 
  14. Durn G, Slovenec D & Covic M. 2001. Distribution of iron and manganese in Terra Rossa from Istria and its genetic implications. Geologia Croatica 54(1):27-36.
  15. Fagbami A. 1981. Land use in agro-industrial development in Nigeria. Proceedings National Fertilizer Seminar (pp29-46), Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  16. Gallez A, Juo ASR, Herbillon A & Moorman F.R. 1981. Clay mineralogy of selected soils in Southern Nigeria. Soil Science Society of America Journal 39(3):577-585
  17. Gee G and Or D. 2002. Particle-size analysis. In Dane JH and Topp C (eds) Methods of Soil Analysis: Physical methods (pp55-93). Madison. Soil Science Society of America
  18. Gerrard AJ. 1981. Soil and Landforms: An integration of geomorphology and pedology. George Allen and Urwin Limited, London, United Kingdom
  19. Igwe CA. 2001. Free oxide distribution in Niger flood plain soils in relation to their total and available phosphorus. Proceedings of Soil Science Society of Nigeria (pp196-201)
  20. Jackson ML, Limand CH & Zelazny LW. 1986. Oxides, hydroxides and aluminosilicates. In Klute A (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1 (pp101-150). Soil Science Society of America Inc, Madison, Wisconsin
  21. Jelic MZ, Milivojevic JZ, Trifunovic SR, Dalovic IG, Milosev DS & Seremesic SI. 2011 Distribution and forms of iron in the Vertisols of Serbia. Journal of Serbian Chemical Society 76(5):781-794
  22. Kuo S. 1996. Phosphorus. In Sparks DL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 (pp869-920). SSSA Book Series No. 5. Soil Science Society of America Inc., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
  23. Kurihara H, Kitagawa Y & Nagatsuka S. 2002. Characteristics of free sesquioxides and humic acids in soil distributed under Warm-temperate forest climate in Nyu Mountains, Fukui Prefecture, Central Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 48(6):833-839
  24. Loeppert RL and Inskeep WP. 1996. Iron. In Sparks DL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 (pp639-664). Soil Science Society of America Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
  25. Mahaney WC, Hancock RGV & Sanmugadas K. 1991. Extractable Fe-Al and geochemistry of late Pleistocene paleosol in the Dalijia Shan, Western China. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Science 6(2):75-82
  26. Maniyunda LM, Raji BA, Odunze AC & Malgwi WB. 2015. Forms and content of sesquioxides in soils on basement complexes of northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management 6(6):148-157
  27. McKeague JA. 1981. Manual on soil sampling and methods of analysis. Canadian Society of Soil Science, Ottawa
  28. Mehra OP and Jackson ML. 1960. Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionite- citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays and Clay Minerals 7:321-327
  29. Michalyna W. 1971. Distribution of various forms of aluminum, iron and manganese in the orthic gray wooded, gleyed orthic gray wooded and related gleysolic soils in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 51(1):23-38
  30. Mohr ECJ, Van Baren FA & Van Schuylenborgh J. 1972. Tropical soils: A comprehensive study of their genesis. The Hague: Mouton-Ichtiar Baru-Van Hoeve
  31. Moon JY, Phelps TJ, Phillips DH, Watson DB, Kin YJ & Scott CB. 2006. Physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of soil-saprolite cores from a field research site, Tennesse. Journal of Environmental Quality 35(5):1731-1741
  32. Muda SA. 2011. Mineralogical Characterization of Rock-Saprolite-Soil Sequence from Mafic-Ultramafic Rocks from Selected areas of Southwestern Nigeria (PhD dissertation). Department of Soil Science and Land Resources Management, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  33. Navarrete IA, Asio VB, Reinhold J & Kiyoshi T. 2007. Characteristics and genesis of two strongly weathered soils in Samar, Philippines. Australian Journal of Soil Research 45(3):153-163
  34. Nelson DW and Sommers LE. 1996. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and Organic Matter. In Sparks DL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 (pp961-1010). Soil Science Society of America Inc., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin
  35. Obi JC, Akinbola GE & Anozie HF. 2009. Distribution of dithionite and oxalate-extractable iron oxides of a catena in the basement complex of Southwestern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Soil Science 19(1):100-108
  36. Ogunsola OA and Omueti JAI. 1990. The physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of soils overlying limestone areas in South Nigeria. Nigeria Journal of Science 24:110-118
  37. Ogunsola OA, Omueti JA, Olade O & Udo JE. 1989. Free oxide status and distribution in soils overlying limestone area in Nigeria. Soil Science 147(4):245-251
  38. Ojanuga AG. 1975. Morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of soils of Ife and Ondo Areas. Nigerian Journal of Science 9:225-269
  39. Ojanuga AG. 1978. Genesis of soils in the metamorphic forest region of southwestern Nigeria. Pedologie 28(1):105-117
  40. Ojo-Atere JO and Ogunwale JA. 1982. Detrital evaluation of pedogenesis in some Alfisols in Southwestern Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Journal 17/18:86-104
  41. Okusami TA and Oyediran GO. 1985. Slope-soil relationship on an aberrant toposequence in Ife area of southwestern Nigeria: Variabilities in soil properties. Ife Journal of Agriculture 7(1&2):1-15
  42. Okusami TA, Rust RH & Alao AO. 1997. Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria. Characteristics, classification and management consideration. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77(2):295-307
  43. Olayinka A. 2009. Soil Microorganisms, Wastes and National Food Security. Inaugural Lecture series 222, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  44. Osodeke VE, Nwotiti IL & Nuga BO. 2005. Sesquioxides distribution along a toposequence in Umudike area of Southeastern Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environment Agriculture Food Chemistry 4(6):1117-1124
  45. Payne D. 1988. Soil structure, tilth and mechanical behaviour. In Wild A and Russel EJ (eds) Russell’s soil conditions and plant growth (pp378-411). Longman Scientific and Technical Publication, Burnt Mill, England
  46. Periaswamy SP and Ashaye TI. 1982. Updated classification of Southwestern Nigeria soils. Ife Journal of Agriculture 4(1):25-41
  47. Robertus RA and Buol SW. 1985. Iron distribution in a developmental sequence of soils from mica gneiss and schist. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49(3):713-720
  48. Russell EW. 1976. Soil conditions and plant growth (10th edn). Longman Publications Limited, London
  49. Ojo-Atere JO and Ogunwale JA. 1982. Detrital evaluation of pedogenesis in some Alfisols in Southwestern Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Journal 17/18:86-104
  50. Okusami TA and Oyediran GO. 1985. Slope-soil relationship on an aberrant toposequence in Ife area of southwestern Nigeria: Variabilities in soil properties. Ife Journal of Agriculture 7(1&2):1-15
  51. Okusami TA, Rust RH & Alao AO. 1997. Red soils of different origins from southwest Nigeria. Characteristics, classification and management consideration. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77(2):295-307
  52. Olayinka A. 2009. Soil Microorganisms, Wastes and National Food Security. Inaugural Lecture series 222, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  53. Osodeke VE, Nwotiti IL & Nuga BO. 2005. Sesquioxides distribution along a toposequence in Umudike area of Southeastern Nigeria. Electronic Journal of Environment Agriculture Food Chemistry 4(6):1117-1124
  54. Payne D. 1988. Soil structure, tilth and mechanical behaviour. In Wild A and Russel EJ (eds) Russell’s soil conditions and plant growth (pp378-411). Longman Scientific and Technical Publication, Burnt Mill, England
  55. Periaswamy SP and Ashaye TI. 1982. Updated classification of Southwestern Nigeria soils. Ife Journal of Agriculture 4(1):25-41
  56. Robertus RA and Buol SW. 1985. Iron distribution in a developmental sequence of soils from mica gneiss and schist. Soil Science Society of America Journal 49(3):713-720
  57. Russell EW. 1976. Soil conditions and plant growth (10th edn). Longman Publications Limited, London
  58. Sehgal JL, Gombeer R & D’Hoore J. 1972. Induced migration of clay and other moderately mobile soil constituents: mobility of sodium, potassium and silica in Indian soils subjected to perfusion with water under slightly unsaturated conditions. Pedologie 22(3):255-283
  59. Smyth AJ and Montgomery RF. 1962. Soils and land-use in Central Western Nigeria, Western Nigerian Government Press, Ibadan
  60. Sobulo RA and Adepetu JA. 1987. Soil testing and fertilizer formulation crop. production in Nigeria. Proceedings National Fertilizer Seminar (pp93-105), Port Harcourt, Nigeria
  61. Soil Survey Staff. 2003. Keys to soil taxonomy (9th edn). United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Services, Washington DC
  62. Thomas GW. 1982. Exchangeable cations. In Page AL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 (pp159-165). Soil Science Society of America Book Series No. 5, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison
  63. Thomas GW. 1996. Soil pH and soil acidity. In Sparks DL (ed) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 (pp363-376). Soil Science Society of America Book Series No. 5., American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison
  64. Van Wambeke AR, 1962. Criteria for classifying tropical soils by age. Soil Science 13(1):124-132
  65. Wild A. 1993. Soil and the environment: an introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
  66. Yaro DT. 2006. The position of plinthites in a landscape and its effects on soil properties (PhD dissertation). Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic