HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 20 no. 5 (2024)

Parents’ Involvement in the MTB-MLE Reading Intervention Program of Grade One Learners in the Division of Quezon

Venuz  Ogalisco

Discipline: Teacher Training

 

Abstract:

Using a descriptive research method, the study examined parental involvement in the Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE) Reading Intervention Program for Grade One learners in the Division of Quezon. Data were collected through a questionnaire from 370 participants, treated and analyzed using statistical tools including percentage, mean, Kruskal Wallis H-Test, and Dunn Test. Results showed that most of the respondents were aged 31-40, predominantly female, held regular job positions, were college graduates, earned 15,000 pesos or less, had 3 to 4 family members, and were active members of the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). Moreover, findings revealed that parents actively participated in the reading intervention program, focusing on teaching their children letter sounds and words for Oral Language Development. It was also evident that the parents participated during the program’s implementation and post-implementation stages. Challenges faced by parents included limited instructional materials both at schools and at home. While there were no significant differences in parental involvement assessments based on most demographic profiles, occupation, and educational attainment showed notable distinctions. Recommendations include fostering collaboration with parents for reading skill development, continuous monitoring and evaluation of program implementation, providing training and lectures to enhance parental involvement in homebased reading activities, and enhancing intervention programs, and consultation with parents to ensure their participation. Lastly, further research is recommended using upgraded intervention programs coming from the monitoring and evaluation of the existing program while utilizing different population and location.



References:

  1. Acabado, C. (2018). Impact of parental involvement on reading development of learners. Research Gate DOI: 10.13140/RG2.2.35995.31524
  2. Akey, K. (2017). The adolescent’s sense of being literate: Reshaping through classroom transitions (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Oklahoma).
  3. Allen-DeBoer, R., Malmgren, K. W., & Glass, M. (2016). Reading instruction for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders in a juvenile correctional facility. Behavioral Disorders, 32(1), 18–28
  4. Ash, G. E. (2015). What did Abigail mean? Educational Leadership, 62(5), 48–53.
  5. Ayoubian, A., Nasiripour, A. A., Tabibi, S. J., & Bahadori, M. (2020). Evaluation of Facilitators and Barriers to Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in the Health Services: A Systematic Review. Galen medical journal, 9, e1645. https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v9i0.1645
  6. Barcena, A. T.  (2012). The non formal education program in sto. domingo and magsingal districts, division of ilocos sur. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.
  7. Barth A. E., Barnes M., Francis D., Vaughn S., York M. (2015). Inferential processing among adequate and struggling adolescent comprehenders and relations to reading comprehension. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 28, 587-609.
  8. Barton, A. C, Drake, C, Perez, J. G., St. Louis, K., & George, M. (2014). Ecologies of parental engagement in urban education. Educational Researcher, 33(4), 3-12.
  9. Boulay, B., Goodson, B., Frye, M., Blocklin, M., & Price, C. (2015). Summary of research generated by striving readers on the effectiveness of interventions for struggling adolescent readers. NCEE 2016-4001. Jessup, MD: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance.
  10. Bradley, F. C. (2020).  The impact of parental involvement on the reading achievement of fourth grade African American Males in the Tidewater Region of Virginia.
  11. Brodin, J., & Renblad, K. (2019). Improvement of preschool children’s speech and language skills. Early Child Development and Care, 190(14), 2205-2213. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1564917
  12. Brown, S. L., Manning, W. D., & Stykes, J. B. (2015). Family Structure and Child Well-Being: Integrating Family Complexity. Journal of marriage and the family, 77(1), 177–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12145
  13. Carino, M. & Marcos, M.G. (2013). The non-formal education program of Dolores, Lagangilag, San Juan, and Tayum districts, division of Abra. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.
  14. Castro, M., Expósito-Casas, E., López-Martín, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro-Asencio, E. and  Gaviria, J.L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis, Educational Research Review, Volume 14, Pages 33-46, ISSN 1747-938X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.01.002
  15. Cheng, A. W. Y., & Lai, C. Y. Y. (2023). Parental stress in families of children with special educational needs: a systematic review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 14, 1198302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1198302
  16. Cheong, J. W. (2013). University extension program and their impact. The Cases of UPCA. Unpublished Doctor’s Dissertation, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna
  17. Clark, M. K., & Kamhi, A. G. (2014). Influence of prior knowledge and interest on fourth-and fifth-grade passage comprehension on the qualitative reading inventory-4. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 45(4), 291–301.
  18. Contaoi, M. R. (2013). The effectiveness of the extension program of UNP. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Northern Philippines, Vigan City.
  19. Corpuz, B. (2014). Pupils reading comprehension level and their performance in English, Science and Math: A basis for proposed strategic intervention plan. Unpublished Dissertation, St. Paul University Philippines.
  20. Coutland, M. C., & Leslie, L. (2020). Beliefs and practices of three literacy instructors in elementary teacher education. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 56(1), 19–30.
  21. Darling-Hammond, L. (2020). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future. New York, NY: Teacher’s College, Columbia University. ISBN: 978-0807749621.
  22. Davis-Kean, P., Tighe, L. and Waters, N. (2020). The role of parent educational attainment in parenting and children’s development. DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/ndmxb
  23. Denton, C. A., Fletcher, J. M., Anthony, J. L., & Francis, D. J. (2016). An evaluation of intensive intervention for students with persistent reading difficulties. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(5), 447–466.
  24. Department of Education. (2015). Utilization of the early grade reading assessment (EGRA) and early grade math assessment (EGMA) tools for system assessment (DO 57, s. 2015). Retrieved from http://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/DO_s2015_57.pdf.
  25. Deysolong, JA (2023). The critical role of parent involvement in the learning process of students, Research Gate, DOI:10.6084/m9.figshare.22999787
  26. Diaz-Iso, A., Velasco, E.’ and Meza, P. (2022). Interventions to improve reading competence: a systematic review, Research Gate Revista de Educacion, 398. October-December 2022, pp. 237-267.
  27. Diem, K. (2011). Using research methods to evaluate your extension program educational design Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. 
  28. Dulay, KM, Law, SY, McBride, C., and Suk-Han Ho, C. (2021). Reciprocal effects of morphological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, and word reading: A cross-lagged panel analysis in Chinese, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Volume 206, 105100, ISSN 0022-0965, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105100
  29. Ehri, LC (2014) Orthographic mapping in the acquisition of sight word reading, spelling memory, and vocabulary learning, Scientific Studies of Reading, 18:1, 5-21, DOI: 10.1080/10888438.2013.81935
  30. Elleman, AM (2019). Reading comprehension research: implications for practice and policy, Sage Journals, Volume 6, Issue 1, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-589X https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732218816339
  31. Eneriz-Wiemer, M., Sanders, L.M., Barr, D.A. and Mendoza, F.S. MD, (2014). Parental limited English proficiency and health outcomes for children with special health care needs: a systematic review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2013.10.003
  32. Faggella-Luby, M., Schumaker, J. S., & Deshler, D. D. (2017). Embedded learning strategy instruction: Story-structure pedagogy in heterogeneous secondary literature classes. Learning Disability Quarterly, 30(2), 131–147.
  33. Fan, X., & Chen, M.J. (2001). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: a meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13, 1-22.
  34. Fatimayin, F.F. (2020). Impact of parental involvement in helping children develop reading skills, Research Gate, 19(1):95-112
  35. Feldman H. M. (2019). How young children learn language and speech. Pediatrics in Review, 40(8), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2017-0325
  36. Fernandez, R. (2016). Phonemic awareness: A prerequisite in learning to read. Modern Teacher, 55 (6).
  37. Flynn, L. J., Zheng, X., & Swanson, L. H. (2012). Instructing struggling older readers: A selective meta-analysis of intervention research. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 27(1), 21–32
  38. Garces-Bacsal, R.M. (2020). Diverse books for diverse children: Building an early childhood diverse book list for social and emotional learning, Journal of Childhood Literacy, Volume 22, Issue 1,  https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798420901856
  39. Garcia, A.S. and de Guzman, M.T. (2020). The meanings and ways of parental involvement among low-income Filipinos, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Volume 53, Pages 343-354, ISSN 0885-2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.05.013.
  40. Geske, A. and  Ozola, A. (2020). Parents’ impact on students’ reading achievement. 3:656        DOI:1017770/sie2020vol3.5049
  41. Golubović, Š., Đorđević, M., Ilić, S., & Nikolašević, Ž. (2022). Engagement of preschool-aged children in daily routines. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 19(22), 14741. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214741
  42. Hancock, J. W. (2012). The effect of reciprocal teaching plus across three content areas on reading comprehension in seventh and eighth grade students (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
  43. Henderson, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D., Dawson, P., Phillips, M., Molloy, E., & Mahoney, P. (2021). The usefulness of feedback. Active Learning in Higher Education, 22(3), 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787419872393
  44. Hillier, K. (2024). How having conversations with children builds their language — and strengthens family connections. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/
  45. Hustedde, C. and Satish, V. (2016). Extension education evaluation: An evolutionary perspective with implications for theory and practice. paper presentation, Extension Education Evaluation Topical Interest Group American Evaluation Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, November 6- 9, 1996.
  46. Hwang, J. K., Lawrence, J. F., Mo, E., Snow, C. E. (2015). Differential effects of a systematic vocabulary intervention on adolescent language minority students with varying levels of English proficiency. International Journal of Bilingualism, 19(3), 314–332
  47. Jiménez, R. T., Smith, P. H., & Teague, B. L. (2019). Transnational and community literacies for teachers. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 53(1), 16–26.
  48. Johnson, K. (2023). What is phonological awareness? Retrieved from https://www.understood.org/en/articles/ March 29, 2024
  49. Jones, N. M. (2014). The role of personality and professional learning community quality in predicting teacher effectiveness (Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University).
  50. Joshi, M. R., Dahlgren, M., & Boulware-Gooden, R. (2012). Teaching reading in an inner-city school through a multi-sensory teaching approach. Annals of Dyslexia, 52, 229–242.
  51. Kakotree (2023). The role of parents in supporting phonics learning, Retrieved from https://kokotree.com/ March 29, 2024
  52. Kaminski, R. A., Powell-Smith, K., Hommel, A., McMahon, R., & Aguayo, K. B. (2014). Development of a tier 3 curriculum to teach early literacy skills. Journal of Early Intervention, 36(4), 313–332.
  53. Kelly, N.E. (2020). Family engagement in schools: Parent, educator, and community perspectives, https://journals.sagepub.com/ https://doi.org/10.1177/21582 44020973024
  54. Kibler, A. (2019). Talking writing: Adolescent English learners in the content areas (Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University).
  55. Kim, K., Birditt, K., Zarit, S., and Fingerman, K. (2019). Typology of parent-child ties within families: Associations with psychological well-being, Journal of Family Psychology, 34(4):448-458 DOI:10.1037/fam0000595
  56. King, S. A., Lemons, C. J., & Hill, D. R. (2012). Response to intervention in secondary schools: Considerations for administrators. National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin, 96(1), 5–22.
  57. Kirsch, C., & Bergeron-Morin, L. (2023). Educators, parents and children engaging in literacy activities in multiple languages: an exploratory study. International Journal of Multilingualism, 20(4), 1386–1403. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2023.2195658
  58. Ko, T., & Hughes, M. T. (2015). Reading comprehension instruction for adolescents with learning disabilities: A reality check. Education Sciences, 5(4), 413–439
  59. Lanford, J.E. (2021). The importance of fathers for child development, Psychology Today, https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/
  60. Lareau, A. (2017). Social class differences in family-school relationship: The importance of cultural capital. Sociology of Education, 60, 73-85.
  61. Lareau, A. (2013). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  62. Lareau, A., & Shumar, W. (2016). The problem of individualism in family-school policies. Sociology of Education, 69, 24-39.
  63. Law, J., Levickis, P., McKean, C., Nolan, C. and Goldfeld, S. (2017). Oral language as a foundation for learning. Melbourne: Murdoch Children’s Research Institute. https://www.researchgate.net/publication
  64. Lee, N. (2023). Fostering positive parent-child relationships: Communication strategies. https://thearkgroup.org/
  65. LeVos, JS (2021). What is phonological awareness? A guide for parents. Retrieved from
  66. https://www.beginlearning.com/parent-resources/ March 29, 2024
  67. Li, J., Peng, P., Ma, X. et al. (2023). How does family socioeconomic status influence children’s reading ability? Evidence from Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling. Educ Psychol Rev 35, 119 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09834-1
  68. Llego, M. A. (2022). The importance of parental involvement in education. TeacherPH. Retrieved September 4, 2022 from, https://www.teacherph.com/parental-involvement-education
  69. Macy, M. G., & Bricker, D. D. (2016). Practical applications for using curriculum-based assessment to create embedded learning opportunities for young children. Young Exceptional Children, 9(4), 12–21.
  70. Maeng, J., & Lee, J. (2021). Exploring parental involvement and its effects on children’s literacy outcomes during COVID-19: A mixed-methods study,
  71. Maynard, B. R., Solis, M., Miller, V., & Brendel, K. E. (2017). Mindfulness-based interventions for improving cognition, academic achievement, behavior, and socio-emotional functioning of primary and secondary students. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 13. Retrieved from https://campbellcollaboration.org/ media/k2/attachments/Campbell_systematic_review_- _Mindfulness_and_ school_students.pdf
  72. McGeown, S. and Smith, K.C. (2023). Reading engagement matters! a new scale to measure and support children’s engagement with books, The Reading Teacher, Volume 77, Issue 4, Pages 462-472. https://doi.org/10.1002/trtr.2267
  73. Melby-Lervåg, M., Lyster, S. A., & Hulme, C. (2012). Phonological skills and their role in learning to read: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 138(2), 322–352. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026744
  74. Metz, A., Naoom, S. F., Halle, T., & Bartley L. (2015). An integrated stage-based framework for implementation of early childhood programs and systems. OPRE Research Brief OPRE 2015 48. Washington, DC: Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
  75. Naparan, G. and Olivar, M.J. (2023). Parental involvement and academic performance of students in online class learning modality. Research Gate. Volume 10, Issue 2. DOI: 10.23918/ijsses.v101p16.
  76. Newark, DE (2019). . (2019). Phonological awareness in early childhood literacy development [Position statement and research brief]. International Literacy Association
  77. Noviant, R. and Suarman, S. (2023). Parenting in cultural perspective: A systematic review of paternal role across cultures, Research Gate, 10(1):22-44 DOI:10.29333/ejecs/128
  78. Okorn, A., Verhoeven, M., & Van Baar, A. (2022). The Importance of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Positive Parenting for Toddlers’ and Preschoolers’ Social-Emotional Adjustment. Parenting, 22(2), 128–151.
  79. Padeliadu, S. and Giazitzidou, S. (2018). A synthesis of research on reading fluency development: Study of eight meta-analysis, Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/publication
  80. Parker, C. A., Holland, G., & Jones, D. (2013). The effectiveness of two reading intervention programs in a South Texas urban school district. National Forum of Applied Educational Research, 26(3), 1–10.
  81. Parker, D. C. (2012). Examining the potential use of instructionally relevant assessment data in early writing (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota).
  82. Paterson, P. & Elliott, L.  N. (2016).  Struggling  reader  to struggling reader: High school
  83. school students’ responses to a cross-age tutoring program. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 49(5), 378–389
  84. Pennock, S. (2023). Effective communication with children: nurturing strong bonds and understanding, Retrieved from https://quenza.com/blog/knowledge-base/effective-communication-with-children
  85. Peregoy, S. F., & Boyle, O. F. (2020). English learners reading English: What we
  86. know, what we need to know. Theory into Practice, 4(2), 237–247.
  87. Pocaan, JM, Bailon, L.L., and Pocaan, J.P. (2022). Strategic reading intervention for left behind learners in the Philippines, LLT Journal, e-SUN 2579-9533,p-ISNN 1410-7201, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 367-378
  88. Quan-Hoang, V., Viet-Phuong, L, T. Nguyen, T.H., Minh-Hoang, N., Vuong, T.T., Ha-My Vuong, Manh-Toan, H. (2021). Impacts of parents and reading promotion on creating a reading culture: Evidence from a developing context, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 131,
  89. Raja, G.P., Gangwar, R.P.,  Rastogi, E. & Bajaj, R. (2023). The role of parental involvement in education-A study. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
  90. Reed, J. M., Marchand-Martella, N., Martella, R. C., & Kolts, R. L. (2017). Assessing
  91. the effects of the reading success level A program with fourth-grade students at a Title I elementary school. Education & Treatment of Children, 30(1), 45–68
  92. Reggin, L., Pexman, P., Madigan, S., and Graham, S. (2019). Parents play a key role on fostering children’s love of reading. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/ on March 29, 2024
  93. Ritchey, K. D., & Goeke, J. L.   (2016). Orton-Gillingham  and  Orton-Gillingham-  based
  94. reading instruction: A review of the literature PRO-ED, 8700 Shoal Creek Boulevard, Austin, TX 78757-6897. Retrieved from http://cupdx.idm.oclc.org/l ogin?url=https://search-proquestcom.cupdx.idm.oclc.org/docview/62027293? accountid=10248
  95. Ritchey, K. D.,   Palombo, K.,   Silverman, R. D., & Speece,   D. L.  (2017). Effects of an
  96. informational text reading comprehension intervention for fifth-grade students. Learning Disability Quarterly, 40(2), 68–80
  97. Rollè, L., Gullotta, G., Trombetta, T., Curti, L., Gerino, E., Brustia, P., & Caldarera, A. M. (2019). Father Involvement and Cognitive Development in Early and Middle Childhood: A Systematic Review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2405. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02405
  98. Santillan, J.P. (2023). Exploring challenges and factors in students’ literacy: basis for intervention program development, Journal of Educational and Management Studies, Volume 12, Issue 2:14-22; DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.54203/jems.2023.2
  99. Schmid, E., & Garrels, V. (2021). Parental involvement and educational success among vulnerable students in vocational education and training. Educational Research, 63(4), 456–473. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2021.1988672
  100. Servais,   K.,  Derrington, M. L.,   & Sanders, K.   (2019).   Professional learning
  101. communities: Concepts in action in a principal preparation program, an elementary school team, a leadership team, and a business partnership. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 4(2), 1–11.
  102. Shahaeian, A., Wang, C., Tucker-Drob, E., Geiger, V., Bus, A. G., & Harrison, L. J. (2018). Early Shared Reading, Socioeconomic Status, and Children’s Cognitive and School Competencies: Six Years of Longitudinal Evidence. Scientific studies of reading : the official journal of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, 22(6), 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2018.1482901
  103. Shamsikhani, S., Ahmadi, F., Kazemnejad, A., & Vaismoradi, M. (2022). Meaning of Respect for Older People in Family Relationships. Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland), 7(3), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7030057
  104. Shen, S., Doyle-Thomas, K. A. R., Beesley, L., Karmali, A., Williams, L., Tanel, N., & McPherson, A. C. (2017). How and why should we engage parents as co-researchers in health research? A scoping review of current practices. Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 20(4), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.12490
  105. Steiner, L.M., Hindin, A. & Rizzuto, K.C. (2022). Developing children’s literacy learning through skillful parent–child shared book readings. Early Childhood Educ J 50, 539–553 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01170-9
  106. Teepe, RX, Molenaar, I, Oostdam, r., Fukkink, R and Verhoeven, L. (2019). Helping parents enhance vocabulary development in preschool children: Effects of a family literacy program, Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Volume 48, Pages 226-236, ISSN 0885-2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.03.001.
  107. Tekyi-Arhin, O. (2023). Strategies for promoting literacy development in young children for teachers and parents, Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/publication /369022078 DOI:1013140/RG.2.2.32720.38407
  108. Thompson, L. (2023). The importance of student engagement: why active participation is essential for learning, https://eduengagement.com/
  109. Tinapay, A., Seno, R., Fernandez, D.S., and Tirol, S.L.,  (2021). Exploring student reading comprehension and parental intervention: a literature review, Research Gate, Volume 2, Issue 4, 189-199. DOI:10.544.76/iinarj220
  110. Tolentin, C. (2023). Implementation and challenges of reading intervention programs in face-to-face, Psychology And Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2023 Volume: 14 Pages: 153-168 Document ID: 2023PEMJ1246 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8402809
  111. Tovani, C. (2014). Do I really have to teach reading? Content comprehension, grades
  112. 6-12? Portland, ME: Stenhouse Publishers
  113. Villiger, C. (2020). Benefits and constraints of parent involvement in children’s reading promotion: general research trends and evidence from a swiss paired reading intervention study, Research Gate, DOI:10.5772/intechopen.93136.
  114. Waltz, T. J., Powell, B. J., Fernández, M. E., Abadie, B., & Damschroder, L. J. (2019). Choosing implementation strategies to address contextual barriers: diversity in recommendations and future directions. Implementation science : IS, 14(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0892-4
  115. Wang, I.Y., Cheung, R.Y.M. (2023). Parents’ gender role attitudes and child adjustment: the mediating role of parental involvement. Sex Roles 89, 425–441 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01386-6
  116. Yang, L., Chiu, M. M., & Yan, Z. (2021). The power of teacher feedback in affecting student learning and achievement: insights from students’ perspective. Educational Psychology, 41(7), 821–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2021.1964855