Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 38 no. 1 (2025)

Effectiveness of Expanding Horizon Approach to Students’ Retention in Araling Panlipunan Concepts

Benjie Gullan

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study examines the effectiveness of the Expanding Horizon Approach (EH) in enhancing students’ retention of Araling Panlipunan concepts. The research was conducted at Matarinao School of Fisheries and employed a quasi-experimental design, where two groups of Grade 7 students were taught using different methods: the Squid group (control) followed the traditional teaching approach, while the Octopus group (experimental) was taught using the EH approach. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed to measure retention levels, and a t-test was conducted to determine statistical significance. The results showed that both groups demonstrated improved scores from pre-test to post-test; however, the difference in learning gains between the two groups was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that while the Expanding Horizon Approach may offer a slightly better structure for concept retention, it did not produce significantly better outcomes than the traditional method. The study recommends further research on long-term retention and other influencing factors such as student engagement and comprehension depth.



References:

  1. Akpan, J., Notar, C. E., & Beard, L. (2019). Learning and Retention or How Learning and Retention Impact Academic Success. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 4(2), 1-6.
  2. Amadi, W. A., M. du Plessis, and S. Solomon. 2022. “Will Working Students Flourish or Give Up? Exploring the Influence of Academic Psychological Capital, Grit, and Time Management”. South African Journal of Higher Education 36 (6), 192-209. https://doi.org/10.20853/36-6-4486.
  3. Babić Hajduković, D. (2018). The Analysis of the Relationship of Students’ Towards Traditional and Contemporary Teaching Methods. Pannoniana, 2 (1-2), 177-191. Retrieved from https://hrcak.srce.hr/206860
  4. Baddeley AD, Hitch GJ, Allen RJ (2018). From Short-Term Store to Multicomponent Working Memory: The Role of the Modal Model. Memory & Cognition. 2019;47:575–588. doi: 10.3758/s13421-018-0878-5.
  5. Bouchrika, I. (2025, January 13). What is information processing theory? Stages, models & limitations in 2025. Research.com. https://research.com/education/what-is-information-processing-theory
  6. Budert-Waltz, Tiffany (2024). Research Methodology | Definition, Techniques & Examples.
  7. Cambridge University Press. (n.d.). Effectiveness. In Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved December 9, 2025, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/effectiveness
  8. Collins. (n.d.). Pre-test. In Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved February 9, 2025, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pretest
  9. Colman, Helen (2022). Learning Retention: What Is It and How To Make Information Stick. iSpring Solutions Inc.1800 Diagonal Road Suite 600Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
  10. Cosme, Mildred (2019). Impact of Grade 9 Students’ Behavior in the Academic Performance in Araling Panlipunan at Wenceslao Trinidad Memorial National High School. Vol. 3 No. 2E (2019): Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts
  11. Ghunu, N. M. S. (2022). The Challenges of Remote Area Elementary Schools in Thematic Curriculum Implementation. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.1522a
  12. https://study.com/academy/lesson/research-methodology-approaches-techniques-quiz.html
  13. Ireland, J., & Mouthaan, M. (2020). Perspectives on Curriculum Design: Comparing the Spiral and the Network Models. Research Matters, 30, 7-12. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1286824
  14. Jesussek, Mathias (2025). DATAtab: Online Statistics Calculator. DATAtab e.U. Graz, Austria. URL https://datatab.net
  15. Klayprayong, V. (2021). Experiential Learning Behavior for Adaptation ASEAN Economic and Social Changes after the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of ASEAN PLUS Studies, 2(2), 32–39. retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/aseanplus/article/view/253243
  16. Kolb, Alice (2019). “8 Things to Know About the Experiential Learning cycle”. Experience Based Learning Systems video, 8:07.
  17. https://learningfromexperience.com/themes/experiential-learning-theory-videos/
  18. Krahenbuhl, K.S. (2019). The Problem with the Expanding Horizons Model for History Curricula. Phi Delta Kappan, 100 (6), 20-26.
  19. Kurt, S. (2021). Constructivist learning theory. International Journal of Educational Technology, iJET. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100208
  20. Ladson-Billings, G. (2021c). Three Decades of Culturally Relevant, Responsive, & Sustaining Pedagogy: What lies ahead? The Educational Forum, 85(4), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2021.1957632
  21. Lee, S. J., Lee, H., & Kim, T. T. (2018). A Study on the Instructor Role in Dealing with Mixed Contents: How It Affects Learner Satisfaction and Retention in e-Learning. Sustainability, 10(3), 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030850
  22. Merriam-Webster, Inc. (n.d.). Retention. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved February 9, 2025, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retention
  23. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). What is purposive sampling? Definition & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/purposive-sampling/
  24. Okafor, C. F., & Anaduaka, U. S. (2018). Nigerian School Children and Mathematics Phobia: How the Mathematics Teacher Can Help. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(7), 247-251. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-7-5
  25. Palaming, Joyce (2023). Barriers in Delivery of Teaching Araling Panlipunan to Learner’s Behavior and Performance. IJRP 2023, 124(1), 177-187; doi:.10.47119/IJRP1001241520234849
  26. Reinhard, B. (2021). The Impact of Cooperative Learning (Master’s thesis, Northwestern College, Iowa). NWCommons. https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/
  27. Robinson, G. M., Hardman, M., & Matley, R. J. (2021). Using games in geographical and planning-related teaching: Serious games, edutainment, board games, and role-play. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 4(1), 100208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100208
  28. Satiniaman, Keitch (2023). Breadth or Depth? Parallelism and Re-spiraling of Araling Panlipunan Competencies for Elementary Learners in Saint Louis College-Cebu. Journal of Education and Practice. Vol.14, No.14, 2023. Maguikay, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014.
  29. Siedlecki, Sandra. (2020). Quasi-Experimental Research Designs. Clinical Nurse Specialist. 34. 198-202. 10.1097/NUR.0000000000000540.
  30. Smith, A. H., Grupp, L. L., Doukopoulos, L., Foo, J. C., Rodriguez, B. J., Seeley, J., Boland, L. M., & Hester, L. L. (2022). Taking teaching and learning seriously: Approaching wicked consciousness through collaboration and partnership. To Improve the Academy: A Journal of Educational Development, 41(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.3998/tia.453
  31. Spring, Silver (2023). New Definition of Social Studies Approved. National Council for the Social Studies. PO Box 79078 Baltimore, MD 21279-0078
  32. Walker, C. O., Greene, B. A., & Mansell, R. A. (2020). Identification with Academics and aAademic Self-Efficacy in College:  Examining their  Role  in  Student  Academic  Performance.  Learning and Individual Differences, 81, 101911.
  33. Will, M., & Najarro, I. (2022). What is culturally responsive teaching? Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-culturally-responsive-teaching/2022/04
  34. Willis, Samara (2017). Literature review on the use of VAK learning strategies. The STeP Journal Student Teacher Perspectives. University of Cumbria Vol 4 (2) pages 90-94

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic