Valuing The Nature-Based Recreational Benefits Of Iloilo River Esplanade Using The Travel Cost Method
Marriane Lorraine Solacito | Bhagwan Singh | Rodelio F. Subade | Joanna Abrea | Princess Zianne Acera | Trisha Ann Castillo | Jan Muriel Princess Conlu | Jovy Fluer Elpos | Frances Adora Lavilla | Nona Jean Ydulzura
Discipline: tourism, transport and travel
Abstract:
This paper presents the assessment of the economic value of the Iloilo river esplanade,
a recreational site in Iloilo City. The objective of the study is to evaluate the demand for the
site or recreation therein using the travel cost method. Data was gathered through online
surveys of 385 college students from five universities in Iloilo City who had visited the place.
By employing a negative binomial model, the analysis resulted in an estimated economic
value of Php 5,120.33 (US$ 93.9) per person per trip. Variables such as travel costs, age,
distance, group size, sex, and the visitor’s civil status are significant factors on the number
of trips to Esplanade. Travel cost has a negative relationship with the trip’s frequency and
distance is a factor affecting the number of visits undertaken, indicating that as the as the
trip distance increases, the total number of trips decreases. The results presented in this study
can improve the quality of the recreational and environmental services of the Iloilo
river esplanade, as the findings can assist in identifying the variety of services that the
place could offer based on the visitors’ demand. Further, the study can provide valuable
inputs in resource and policy planning, as well as assist resource managers and the local
government of Iloilo City in making crucial decisions to improve the overall experience
for visitors to the Esplanade and ensure the continued preservation of the recreational
site to maximize its nature- based and recreational benefits.
References:
- Aalst, I. van, & Brands, J. (2020). Young people: Being apart, together in an urban park. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549175.2020.1737181
- Albay, R. (2021, November 4). How Iloilo City brought its river back to life and back to its people. ABSCBN. https://news.abscbn.com/ancx/drive/sports/01/11/23/why-ph-has-soft-spot-for-15-time-guinness-record-holder
- Alzate, J. V. (2018). Agritourism: Its potentials in Davao Oriental. Davao Research Journal, 12(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v12i1.13
- Arcala-Hall, R. (2024). National–local synergies for development: How a local political machine delivered infrastructure results in Iloilo City. Southeast Asian Affairs, 43(2), 286–307.
- Besanko, D., & Braeutigam, R. R. (2011). Microeconomics. John Wiley and Sons. https://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/David%20Besanko%2C%20Ronald%20Braeutigam%20-%20Microeconomics-Wiley%20%282020%29.pdf
- Bhat, A. (2018). Snowball sampling: Definition, method, advantages and disadvantages. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/snowball-sampling/
- Bonner, S. (2022). Social cost benefit analysis and economic evaluation. The University of Queensland. https://uq.pressbooks.pub/socialcba/chapter/non-market-valuation-methods/
- Chaokromthong, K., & Sintao, N. (2021). Sample size estimation using Yamane and Cochran and Krejcie and Morgan and Green formulas and Cohen statistical power analysis by G*Power and comparisons. Apheit International Journal, 10(2), 76–86. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/ATI/article/view/254253
- Christiernsson, A. (2003). An economic valuation of the coral reefs at Phi Phi Island: A travel cost approach [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Lulea University of Technology.
- City Government of Iloilo. (2020, February). Iloilo City Tourism Development Plan 2020–2022. https://peoplesdomain.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Iloilo-City-Tourism-Development-Plan-2020-2022.pdf
- Collado, M. F. C. (2019). A sustainability framework of river-based tourism in Panay Island [Conference paper]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Innovation in Hospitality and Tourism (APJIHT), 8. 7th Asia Euro Conference 2018: Tourism, Hospitality & Gastronomy, 1–18.
- Czajkowski, M., Giergiczny, M., Kronenberg, J., & Englin, J. (2019). The individual travel cost method with consumer-specific values of travel time savings. Environmental and Resource Economics, 74, 961–984.
- Du Preez, M., & Lee, D. E. (2016). The economic value of the Trans Baviaans mountain biking event in the Baviaanskloof Mega-Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa: A travel cost analysis using count data models. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 15, 47–54.
- Ezebilo, E. E. (2016). Economic value of a non-market ecosystem service: An application of the travel cost method to nature recreation in Sweden. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management, 12(4), 314–327. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21513732.2016.1202322
- Freeman III, A. M., Herriges, J. A., & Kling, C. L. (2014). The measurement of environment and resource values: Theory and methods. Routledge.
- Howard, D. R., & Crompton, J. L. (1984). Who are the consumers of public park and recreation services? An analysis of the users and non-users of three municipal leisure service organizations. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 2(3), 33–48.
- Hwang, E. (2018). Estimating recreational user day value and impacts of congestion and water quality: Application to Salt Ponds, Rhode Island (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rhode Island).
- Iamtrakul, P., Teknomo, K., & Hokao, K. (2005, May). Public park valuation using travel cost method. In Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies (Vol. 5, No. 2005, pp. 1249–1264).
- Iliyasu, R., & Etikan, I. (2021). Comparison of quota sampling and stratified random sampling. Biometrics and Biostatistics International Journal, 10(1), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2021.10.0032
- Inoco, M. G., & Villegas, J. P. (2024). Local tourists’ perception towards mangrove forest conservation and regeneration in the Guang-guang Mangrove Park and Nursery, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Davao Research Journal (DRJ), 15(1), 6–15. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v15i1
- Jimenez, L. A., Nanual, B. J., Verdote, D. M. M., Labaja, M. J. J., Inabiogan, M. K., & Rapizi, F. G. B. (2015). Sustainable tourism in an ecologically critical area: Implications to Dahican and its threatened marine megafauna. Davao Research Journal (DRJ), 15(2), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v11i1.18
- King, D. M., & Mazzotta, M. (2000). Travel cost method, ecosystem valuation, dollar-based ecosystem valuation methods, Section 8.
- Koshy, N., Ramachandran, S., Shuib, A., & Afandi, S. H. M. (2019). Economic valuation using travel cost method. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 31(1), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.26525/jtfs2019.31.1.7889
- Legaspi, L. V., Ricalde, R. G. J., & Villa, K. P. (2014). Relationship between weekly allowance and consumption expenditures of BS ABE students: A multi-variable regression analysis.
- Loomis, J., Tadjion, O., Watson, P., Wilson, J., Davies, S., & Thilmany, D. (2009). A hybrid individual–zonal travel cost model for estimating the consumer surplus of golfing in Colorado. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002508320136
- Malahayati, Z. Z., & Fitrawaty. (2020). Economic valuation of forests as a natural tourism service provider by using travel cost method in ecotourism in Kampung Nipah Sei Nagawalan Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210220.027
- Morrissey, K. (2020). Resource and environmental economics. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (pp. 463–466). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10755-3
- PGAA Creative Design. (2018, November 21). Iloilo Esplanade wins NCCA Haligi ng Dangal Awards. https://pgaacreativedesign.com/news/iloilo-esplanade-wins-ncca-haligi-ng-dangal-awards
- Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. (n.d.). Two tributary creeks pose threat to Iloilo River rehabilitation. https://pcij.org/article/7367/two-tributary-creeks-pose-threat-to-iloilo-river-rehabilitation
- PGAA Creative Design. (n.d.). Iloilo Esplanade. https://pgaacreativedesign.com/projects/parks-open-spaces/iloilo-esplanade
- PGAA Creative Design. (2018, November 21). Iloilo Esplanade wins NCCA Haligi ng Dangal Awards. https://pgaacreativedesign.com/news/iloilo-esplanade-wins-ncca-haligi-ng-dangal-awards
- Quah, E., & Tan, T. S. (2019, October). Valuing the environment. Asian Development Bank Institute. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/532731/adbi-wp1012.pdf
- Relief web. (2014). https://reliefweb.int/map/philippines/philippines-panay-island-iloilo-province-17-february-2014
- Rosato, P., & Defrancesco, E. (2002, July). Individual travel cost method and flow fixed costs. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. https://www.feem.it/wp-content/uploads/NDL2002-056.pdf
- Santiago, N. D., & Bulayog, M. S. (2019). Estimation of the recreational value of tourist destinations in Camotes Island using travel cost method. Review of Socio-Economic Research and Development Studies, 19–37. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3804168
- Schroeder, T. D., & Wiens, M. (1986). The non-use of public park and recreation facilities in Tulsa. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 4(3), 75–87.
- Stoeckl, N., & Mules, T. (2006). A travel cost analysis of the Australian Alps. Tourism.
- Timah, P. N. (2011). Non-market valuation of beach recreation using the travel cost method (TCM) in the context of the developing world: An application to visitors of the Ngoe beach, Kribi, Cameroon (Second cycle, A2E). Uppsala: SLU, Dept. of Economics.
- Yap, T. (2022, April 26). P1.9-Billion Iloilo road expansion, riverpark projects underway. Manila Bulletin. https://mb.com.ph/2022/04/26/p1-9-billion-iloilo-road-expansion-riverpark-projects-underway/
- Zandersen, M., & Richard, T. (2009). A meta-analysis of forest recreation values in Europe. Journal of Forest Economics. https://econpapers.repec.org/articleeee/foreco/v_3a15_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a1-2_3ap_3a109-130.html
- Zin, W. S., Suzuki, A., Peh, K. S.-H., & Gasparatos, A. (2019). Economic value of cultural ecosystem services from recreation in Popa Mountain National Park, Myanmar: A comparison of two rapid valuation techniques. Land, 8, 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/land8120194
ISSN 2984-7125 (Online)
ISSN 2244-4432 (Print)