HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 37 no. 7 (2025)

Motivational Management and Strategies of Selected Junior High School Science Teachers in Sultan Kudarat

Princess Joy Samoraga | Christine P. Abo

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

A high-quality education requires motivated students. Students who are motivated are eager to study and participate in academic pursuits having enough potential to be successful. Teachers, classmates, the lecture material, the learning process, the surroundings, and many other factors can all inspire students. On the other hand, a lack of resources, lack of interest, unmet psychological needs, anxiety, or a negative opinion of the study might demotivate them. This study explores the motivational management practices and strategies employed by Junior High School Science teachers in the classroom. The research is anchored on Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. The study adopts a quantitative and translational approach, analyzing the demographic profile of the respondents and their practices in terms of motivational management and strategies utilized in the classroom across different grade levels and branches of Science. Key findings reveal that the majority of respondents are female, aged between 31-40 years, and have 7-15 years of teaching experience. Teachers exhibit strong engagement in safety, ego-related, social, and self-actualization practices, with safety practices receiving the highest ratings. However, physiological practices were the least emphasized. Motivational strategies such as group/teamwork activities, individual quizzes, and laboratory experiments were most commonly employed, while naturalistic and musical strategies were least used. The research concludes that while Science teachers effectively implement motivational strategies in fostering a supportive and engaging classroom environment, there is an opportunity to diversify and improve the use of various strategies.



References:

  1. Abraham Maslow Theory And Students Motivation. (2022, February 21). Edubirdie. Retrieved February 21, 2023, from https://edubirdie.com/examples/abraham-maslow-theory-and-students- motivation/
  2. Alexenoamen, (2009, August 4). Ways of motivating EFL/ESL students in the classroom [Web blog post]. Retrieved from http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/blogs/alexenoamen/waysmotivating-efl-esl-students-classroom
  3. Arni, Y., Utami, W. W., Khoirunnisak, L., & Amelia, F. (2024). The effect of visual, auditory, kinestic learning styles on student learning outcomes in science subjects. Journal of Education and Teaching Learning (JETL), 6(1), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.51178/jetl.v6i1.1794
  4. Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory.
  5. Bell, K. (2021). Writing a Lesson Plan: A Handbook. Harford Community College. Retrieved February 25, 2024 from https://most.oercommons.org/courseware/lesson/455/student/
  6. Bilash, O. (2009). Gardner’s multiple intelligences and second language teaching. Improving second language education. Best of Bilash: improving second language education
  7. Bowker, M. (2020). Benefits of Inc‘orporating Howar ating Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences s Multiple Intelligences Theory into Teaching Practices. Capstone Projects and Master’s Theses. California State University, Monterey Bay
  8. Brobbey, E. (2020). The Impact of Stress on Academic Performance of Students in the University of Cape Coast School of Business. ResearchGate. University of Cape Coast.
  9. Cadiz, A. and Orleans, A. (2020). Social, Technology, Economy, Environmental, and Political (STEEP) Landscapes in Philippine K to 12 Basic Education: Looking into the Lens and Perspective of Science Education. Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education. Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
  10. Capunitan, K.B. et al. (2023). Motivational Factors in Science Learning, Learner’s Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes of Pre-Service Teachers. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research. Retrieved July 25, 2024 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370844158_Motivational_Factors_in_Science_Learning_Learner's_Satisfaction_and_Learning_Outcomes_of_Pre-Service_Teachers
  11. Cherry, K. (2022). Maslow believed that physiological and psychological needs motivate our actions. Verywell Mind. Retrieved January 20, 2023 from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs- 4136760
  12. Chi, C. (2023, December 9). Philippines still lags behind world in math, reading and science — PISA 2022. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/12/06/2316732/philippines-still-lags-behind-world-math-reading-and-science-pisa-2022
  13. Cohen, A. D., and Dörnyei, Z. (2002). Focus on the language learner: Motivation, styles and strategies. In N. Schmitt (ed.), An introduction to applied linguistics, London, Great Britain: Amold, pp. 170-190.
  14. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “What” and “Why” of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_DeciRyan_PIWhatWhy.pdf
  15. Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The Impact of Enhancing Students’ social and Emotional Learning: A Meta‐Analysis of School‐Based Universal Interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x
  16. Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.2307/2666999
  17. Filgona, J. et.al. (2020), Motivation in Learning. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies. Retrieved August 19, 2024 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344199983_Motivation_in_Learning
  18. Fink, D. L. (2005). Integrated course design. Manhattan, KS: The IDEA Center. Retrieved from https://www.ideaedu.org/idea_papers/integrated-course-design/back to top
  19. Gardner, H. (2011a). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Hachette Uk.
  20. Gardner, H. (2011). The theory of multiple intelligences: as psychology, as education, as social science. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5c65be2cfb22a5044c764343/t/5c6c783f15fcc04fbd6e61c4/1550612543679/473+-+madrid+oct+22+2011.pdf
  21. Gardner, H. (2013). Frequently asked questions—Multiple intelligences and related educational topics. Retrieved from https://howardgardner01.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/faq_march 2013.pdf
  22. Gelman, R., and Lucariello, J. (2002). Learning in cognitive development. In H. Pashler (Series Ed.) and R. Gallistel (Vol. Ed.), Stevens’ Handbook of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Motivation, and Emotion (vol. 3, 3rd ed.) (pp. 395-443). New York: Wiley.
  23. Golland, J.H.         (1998). Elements         of         Lesson Planning.         Education. 118(3). https://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~slm/AdjCI/Lessonplan/Elements.html
  24. Hambre, M. (2020). Teachers’ Demographic Profile on the Learners’ Performance Using K-12 Earth and Space module. Journal of Education & Social Policy.
  25. Harris, D. N., & Sass, T. R. (2007). Teacher Training, Teacher Quality, and Student Achievement. (Working Paper #3). Washington DC: Calder Urban Institute, National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research.
  26. Hawthorne, H. (2021, November 17). Understanding the Importance of Motivation in Education. High Speed Training. https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/motivation-in-education/
  27. Hayes, A. (2024). T-Test: What It Is With Multiple Formulas and When To Use Them. Investopedia. Retrieved August 28, 2024 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/t-test.asp#:~:text=A%20t%2Dtest%20is%20an%20inferential%20statistic%20used%20to%20determine,flipping%20a%20coin%20100%20times.
  28. Hildebrandt, S. A., & Eom, M. (2011). Teacher professionalization: motivational factors and the influence of age. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ911700
  29. Hunt, G.H. and Wiseman, D.G. (2013). Best Practice in Motivation and Management in the Classroom. 3rd Edition. Institute of Education Sciences
  30. Hyatt, M. (2017, May 3). 6 Ways to Motivate Students to Love Science. WCaty. https://wcaty.org/6-ways-to-motivate-students-to-love-science/
  31. Johnson, D. (2017). The Role of Teachers in Motivating Students to Learn. BU Journal of Graduate Studies in Education, Volume 9, Issue 1
  32. Kum, B.A. (2022). The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on student learning effectiveness. Estonian entrepreneurship university of applied sciences. Retrieved from https://eek.ee/download.php?t=kb&dok=p1g22soegbedd1ke2hna10c71v3b3.pdf
  33. Kurt, S. (2020, February 6) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Education. Education Library.     Retrieved      January           18, 2023 from https://educationlibrary.org/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-in-education/
  34. Ladd, H. F. (2008). “Value-Added Modeling of Teacher Credentials:  Policy  Implications.”  Paper presented  at  the  second  annual  CALDER research conference, “The  Ins  and  Outs  of Value-Added Measures in Education: What Research  Says,”  Washington,  D.C. http://www.caldercenter.org/upload/Sunny_Ladd_presentation.pdf.
  35. Laguatan, R.P. and Abad, B.D. (2019). Science Teacher’s Qualities: The Basis for a Faculty Sustainability Program. Institute of Education Sciences. 8(7). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED606758
  36. Legault, L., Green-Demers, I., & Pelletier, L. (2006). Why do high school students lack motivation in the classroom? Toward an understanding of academic motivation and the role of social support. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(3), 567–582.
  37. Lavelle, L. ( 2015) Translational research and knowledge mobilisation in teacher education: Towards a ‘clinical’, evidence-based profession?Journal of Education for Teaching, 41 (5) (2015), pp. 460-463, 10.1080/02607476.2015.1105534
  38. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-96.
  39. Mcleod, S. (2007). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Simply Psychology. Retrieved January       30,       2023 from https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html#:~:text=From%20the%20bottom%20of%20the,attend%20to%20needs%20higher%20up.
  40. Meece, J.L. and Anderman, E.M. (2006). Classroom goal structure, student motivation, and academic achievement. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved April 10, 2024 from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16318604/
  41. Mitchell, P. (2016). From concept to classroom: What is translational research?. Australian Council for Educational Research. https://research.acer.edu.au/professional_dev/9
  42. National Science Education Standards. (1996). In National Academies Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.17226/4962
  43. OECD (2023), PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
  44. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. https://clemsonolweus.org/
  45. Rogayan, D.V. and Bautista J.R. (2019). Filipino Students’ Preferred Motivational Strategies in Science: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Indonesian Research Journal  in         Education.       3(2).     https://online- journal.unja.ac.id/irje/article/download/6828/9500/18537
  46. Rosenthal, R. (2002). The Pygmalion Effect and its Mediating Mechanisms. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 25–36). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012064455-1/50005-1
  47. Simply Psychology. (2024, August 9). Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Of Cognitive Development. https://www.simplypsychology.org/vygotsky.html
  48. Slavin, R. E. (1996). Research on Cooperative Learning and Achievement: What we know, what we need to know. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 21(1), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1996.0004
  49. Souders, B. (2020). Motivation in Education: What it takes to motivate our kids? Positive Psychology. Retrieved December 13, 2022 from https://positivepsychology.com/motivation-education/
  50. Theobald, M. A. (2006). Increasing student motivation: Strategies for middle and high school teachers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  51. Thomas, L. (2020). Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps and Examples. Retrieved October 19, 2024 from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/
  52. Titus, R. (2016). How Motivation Affects Learning. The Inspired Classroom. Retrieved July 20, 2024 from https://theinspiredclassroom.com/2013/07/how-motivation-affects learning
  53. Urhahne, D., Wijnia, L. (2023). Theories of Motivation in Education: an Integrative Framework. Educ Psychol Rev 35, 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09767-9
  54. Wahome, C. (2022). What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Emotional Wellness Newsletter. Retrieved April 10, 2024 from https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-maslow-hierarchy-of-needs
  55. Wentzel, K. R. (1998). Social Relationships and Motivation in Middle School: The Role of Parents, Teachers, and Peers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(2), 202-209.  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232448076
  56. Wilcox, L. (2018, June 4). Top 5 Strategies for Motivating Students. National Board    for        Professional      Teaching Standards. https://www.nbpts.org/blog/top-5-strategies-for-motivating-students/
  57. Winarti, A., Yuanita, L., & Nur, M. (2019). The effectiveness of multiple intelligences based teaching strategy in enhancing the multiple intelligences and science process skills of junior High School students. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(2), 122. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.404
  58. Woolfolk, A. (2019). Educational Psychology (14th ed.). Pearson.
  59. Wubbels, T., & Brekelmans, M. (2005). Two decades of research on teacher–student relationships in class. International Journal of Educational Research, 43(1–2), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2006.03.003
  60. Yarborough, C. B., & Fedesco, H. N. (2020). Motivating Students. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching. Retrieved August 28, 2024 from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu//cft/guides-sub-pages/motivating-students/
  61. Zajda, J. (December, 2018). Motivation in the Classroom: Creating Effective Learning Environments. ResearchGate. Retrieved July 15, 2024 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331203916_Motivation_in_the_Classroom_Creating_Effective_Learning_Environments