HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 37 no. 7 (2025)

Resiliency and Challenges Encountered in the Tradition of Indigenous Education at Sto. Niño Integrated School: Input to Action Plan

Diana Punongbayan

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The study focused on Resiliency and Challenges Encountered in the Tradition of Indigenous Education at Sto. Niño Integrated School: Input to Action Plan, explores the intricate relationship between indigenous cultural heritage and educational practices within the Dumagat-Remontado community in Tanay, Rizal, Philippines. The research aims to identify the resilience factors and challenges faced in preserving indigenous education traditions and proposes actionable strategies to strengthen these practices.Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study gathered data from 32 teachers stationed at Sto. Niño Integrated School through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions. The research focuses on five key areas: curriculum design, competency and content, teaching methodologies and strategies, learning space and environment, learning resources, and classroom assessment. The study is anchored in the Culturally Relevant Pedagogy (CRP) framework, emphasizing the integration of culturally relevant content and localized materials into the curriculum. Findings reveal that while the resilience of indigenous education traditions remains robust in curriculum design, teaching methodologies, and classroom assessment, significant challenges persist, particularly in the availability and accessibility of learning resources. The study highlights that the number of trainings or seminars attended by educators does not significantly influence their perception of resilience in indigenous education, whereas the presence of culturally appropriate learning resources plays a crucial role. The research concludes with an action plan aimed at enhancing the resiliency of indigenous education at Sto. Niño Integrated School. This plan includes developing a culturally relevant curriculum, incorporating experiential learning strategies, enriching the physical learning environment to reflect indigenous traditions, and prioritizing the acquisition of indigenous learning resources. The study underscores the importance of community involvement, particularly the active participation of indigenous elders and cultural leaders, in curriculum development and educational practices. This research contributes to the broader discourse on indigenous education by providing a model for integrating traditional knowledge systems into modern educational frameworks, thereby promoting cultural preservation, self-determination, and community empowerment among indigenous populations.



References:

  1. Ahmadi, A. (2021). Teachers as ethnographers: Narrative study of inquiry of Indonesian teachers assigned to teach in remote areas. European Journal of Educational Research, 10(1), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.10.1.115
  2. Almeida, A.M. (2022) The accessibility of Digital Learning Resources: an analysis of audiovisual resources
  3. Arsal, Z. (2019) Teacher Candidates’ Views Regarding Multicultural Education: A Case Study on Content Integration Dimension.
  4. Averill, R., & McRae, H. (2019). Culturally Sustaining Initial Teacher Education: Developing Student Teacher Confidence and Competence to Teach Indigenous Learners. The Educational Forum, 83(3):294-308. doi: 10.1080/00131725.2019.1599657
  5. Battiste, M., & Henderson, J. (2020). Decolonizing education: Nourishing the intellectual and spiritual sovereignty of indigenous peoples. Purich Publishing Limited.
  6. Beck, V. S. (2021) Assessing classroom assessment techniques\
  7. Brereton M. (2020) Cultural and linguistic localization of games to bridge the digital and cultural divide in indigenous populations
  8. Bridgeford, N. (2019) THE ECOLOGY OF CLASSROOM ASSESSMENT
  9. Brown,K. (2019). Creating Culturally Safe Learning Spaces and Indigenizing Higher Education. Journal of Learning Spaces Volume 8, Number 2. 2019.
  10. Cahapay, M.B. (2020). Philippine Basic Education Learning Continuity Plan: Creating Space for Indigenous Peoples toward Inclusive post-COVID-19 Education.  2(1) doi: 10.30935/IJPDLL/9294
  11. Chen, BC. Non-indigenous preschool teachers’ culturally relevant pedagogy in the indigenous areas of Taiwan. ICEP 17, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40723-023-00118-3
  12. Chilisa, B. (2020). Decolonizing indigenous research: A framework for centering indigenous epistemologies and methodologies. Routledge.
  13. Christou, E.  (January, 2023) Learning Spaces in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review
  14. Couch, D., Nesterova, Y. & Nguyen, H. Examining non-Indigenous teacher perceptions of Indigenous students in Taiwan through a Strategic Relational Approach. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-023-09830-8
  15. Dassanayake, Noel. (2022). Development of an evaluation checklist for localized Chinese language textbooks in Sri Lanka. Lingua Cultura. 16. 257-269. 10.21512/lc.v16i2.8778.
  16. Dela Cruz, J., Santos, R., & Reyes, M. (2021). Challenges and Prospects of Dumagat Educators in Using Indigenous Teaching Materials. Journal of Indigenous Education, 5(2), 45-60.
  17. Deppeler, JM. (2019) Classroom assessment for student learning
  18. Dolatre, IS. (2019). Relevant Learning for Indigenous Filipinos. https://www.childhoodexplorer.org/relevant-learning-for-indigenous-filipinos
  19. Diaz, O. (2021) On the Generation of E-Learning Resources Using Business Process, Natural Language Processing, and Web Services
  20. Edaño, D. (2019). The Performance of Teachers of Indigenous Pupils. 38(1):28-41. DOI: 10.7719/jpair.v38i1.722
  21. Garcia, M. R. G., Talavera, J. B., & Balahadia, D. J. (2021). Indigenous Education in the Philippines: Perspectives and Practices for Cultural Revitalization and Community Empowerment. Journal of Indigenous Education, 3(1), 12-24
  22. Gazali Far Far (2021) Use of learning resources in learning history at sma negeri 5 ternate city
  23. Han F. (2022). Sustainable Teaching Strategies to Teach Indigenous Students: Their Relations to Students’ Engaged Learning and Teachers’ Self-Concept. Sustainability. 14(17):10973. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710973
  24. Islahi, F., & Narcin (2019), Who Make Effective Teachers, Men or Women? An Indian Perspective
  25. Janet Jull et.al (2019) Fostering the conduct of ethical and equitable research practices: the imperative for integrated knowledge translation in research conducted by and with indigenous community members
  26. Kehinde, M. L.  (2023) Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors in K–12 learning spaces: The impact of acoustic performance on students with autism spectrum disorder
  27. Kwok Hung Lau (2019) The role of textbook learning resources in e-learning: A taxonomic study
  28. Raudhatul Jannah (2022) Ethnoscience in Learning Science: A Systematic Literature Review
  29. Ladson-Billings, G., & Tate, W.F. (2020). Toward a critical race theory of education. Routledge.
  30. Landas, Edgel & Alova, Chard Aye. (2022). Effect of localized lesson plans to the interest and performance of pupils in mathematics. Journal of Mathematics and Science Teacher. 2. 10.29333/mathsciteacher/12368.
  31. Lewkowicz, J. (2021) Classroom-based assessment
  32. Li Tsung Wen Kuo (2019) The influence of localization and materialization of mathematics activities on the indigenous first grade students’ learning effects: Two assessment results https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-80472
  33. Li Yanan (2019) Learning resource recommendation method and device, electronic device and storage medium
  34. Lugo-Morin DR. Global Mapping of Indigenous Resilience Facing the Challenge of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Challenges. 2021; 12(1):15. https://doi.org/10.3390/challe12010015
  35. Mandikonza. (2019). Integrating indigenous knowledge practices as context and concepts for the learning of curriculum science: A methodological exploration. The Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, 35(1) doi: 10.4314/SAJEE.V0I0.187263
  36. McCalman, Janya, and Roxanne Bainbridge, ‘Indigenous Education, Well-Being, and Resilience— A Systemic Approach’, in Michael Ungar (ed.), Multisystemic Resilience: Adaptation and Transformation in Contexts of Change (New York, 2021; online edn, Oxford Academic, 18 Mar. 2021), https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190095888.003.0012, accessed 24 Feb. 2024.
  37. Moewes, A., & Ahlskog, K. (2023). Indigenous pedagogies and epistemologies: A critical review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 93(2), 339-375.
  38. Mudimbe, V.Y. (2021). The language of decolonization: African literature and postcolonial theory. Routledge.
  39. Muhammad Yousaf (2023) Dataset for Software Engineering Learning Resources
  40. M.V. Zharov (2022) Indigenous Media
  41. Nikolaev, V. (2022) School learning environment and educational space: features and differences
  42. Or, E.M. (2017). “Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and language maintenance through the Indigenous Peoples Education Program: The cases of four Mangyan communities in Oriental Mindoro, Philippines.” In 5th International Conference on Language Documentation and Conservation (ICLDC). University of Hawaii at Manoa. Publisher’s Version
  43. Pidgeon, M., et.al (2021) Understanding the Application and Use of Indigenous Research Methodologies in the Social Sciences by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Scholars
  44. Rahim NA, Shuhidan SM, Husaini H. (2022).  Student Behavior, Sociocultural, Learning Environment and Information Literacy: A Proposed Framework in Managing Indigenous Knowledge. Proceedings. 82(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2022082108
  45. Razalan, A. R. (2023) Validation of a Strategic Intervention Material through Localization for Entrepreneurship Teachers
  46. Rebucas, RJ, B. (2020). Indigenous Peoples Education Curriculum Framework. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/indigenous-peoples-education-curriculum-framework/  
  47. Reyes, J. A., & Garcia, M. R. (2020). The Role of Indigenous Teachers in Promoting Cultural Revitalization and Community Empowerment: A Case Study of Indigenous Communities in the Philippines. Journal of Indigenous Education, 4(2), 45-58.
  48. Reyteran, R. (2021). Teaching in IP Schools: An Analysis of Teachers’ Experiences as  Input to Pre-Service Teacher Education. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies Volume 3 , Issue 4, 2021 Homepage : http://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls
  49. Riley, L. (2021). Indigenous Learning Environments. Oxford Bibliographies. https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199756810/obo-9780199756810-0279.xml
  50. Robiños, John Robby O. and Dasig, PhD, Josephine P. and Mendoza, Lourdes A., Learning and Sharing: Understanding Experiences in Teaching Indigenous Learners of Mindoro (2020). IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2(2), pp. 108 - 116, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3643644
  51. Samsinar S. (2020) Urgensi learning resources (sumber belajar) dalam meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran
  52. Show Mei Lin (2021) The Impact of Globalization and Localization on Language Policies: The Exampleof Taiwan
  53. Smith, G.W. (2020). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and Indigenous peoples. Zed Books Ltd.
  54. Smith, J., & Johnson, K. (2020). Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices and Teacher Well-being in Indigenous Communities: Exploring the Role of Length of Service. Indigenous Education Review, 2020.
  55. Sobierajski, F. (2022) The essential conditions needed to implement the Indigenous Youth Mentorship Program: a focused ethnography
  56. Stiggins, R. J. (2022) Classroom Assessment for Learning
  57. Suarta, I. M., Noortyani, R., Yarsama, K., & Adhiti, I. A. I. (2022). The role of Teachers’ Indigenous Knowledge and Cultural Competencies in Enhancing Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcomes. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 9(1), 244–264. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1025
  58. Tafa, M. (2022). Indigenous knowledge for language revitalization: A critical review of the literature. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(4), 709-728.
  59. Tippett, C.M., & Ladson-Billings, G. (2020). Culturally relevant teaching: Theory into practice. Corwin.
  60. Toulouse, P. (2016). What Matters in Indigenous Education: Implementing a Vision Committed to Holism, Diversity and Engagement. In Measuring What Matters, People for Education.
  61. Villegas, A. (2023). The Effect of Multicultural Education on Preservice Teachers’ Attitude and Efficacy: Testing Bank’s Content Integration Dimension
  62. Washington, S. (2023). Reflecting on an Indigenist Methodology in Indigenous Family and Community Engagement Research
  63. Wagiran (2019) Classroom Assessment: Bagian Integral Proses Pembelajaran Kejuruan Dalam Upaya Menyiapkan Tenaga Kerja Secara Holistik
  64. Webb, D., & Pringle, A. (2022). Incorporating Indigenous Content Into K-12 Curriculum: Supports for Teachers in Provincial and Territorial Policy and Post-Secondary Education Spaces. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 55-73. doi: 10.7202/1086427ar
  65. Wenjuan Li (2023) Influence of Physical Environment of Learning Space on Comfort and Emotional Perception in Severe Cold City in Winter
  66. Woolner, P. (2021) Learning Environment Design and Use
  67. Werito.V. & Nez, V. (2022). “Light a Little Candle in Their Hearts”: Learning From Educators of Indigenous Youth About Culturally Sustaining/Revitalizing Teaching Practices in Contemporary Contexts. Journal of American Indian education, 61(1):27-3. doi: 10.1353/jaie.2022.0004
  68. Zhou, Guanqiong. (2019). A Study on the Localization of College English Teaching in the Context of English as a Lingua Franca. Advances in Higher Education. 3. 199. 10.18686/ahe.v3i2.1447.