Electrocardiogram as a Predictive Tool for the Severity and Clinical Course of Pediatric Dengue Infection

Leah Patricia  M. Arceo-Plucena,; Rigil Mariquieta Fe  P. Siazon,

Electrocardiogram as a Predictive Tool for the Severity and Clinical Course of Pediatric Dengue Infection

Rigil Mariquieta Fe P. Siazon | Leah Patricia M. Arceo-Plucena

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has been a global burden especially in the tropical regions. Cardiac involvement has been discussed in several studies. This is a pilot study to identify electrocardiogram abnormalities and correlate these with the severity of dengue illness. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of electrocardiogram as a predictive tool for the severity and clinical course of pediatric dengue infections. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center from August to October 2017. A total of 325 dengue consults were seen at the pediatric emergency room during the study period. Of these, 66 pediatric patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. Serial pediatric electrocardiograms (ECG) were performed on days 1, 7, and 14 afebrile. The ECGs were interpreted according to rhythm, axis and duration of waveforms and intervals. These ECG interpretations were subsequently correlated to the patients’ dengue severity and clinical course. RESULTS: Rhythm abnormalities were found in 15 out of the 66 dengue patients for an overall incidence of 23%. All the rhythms were benign and self-limiting, including sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, and first-degree atrio-ventricular block. Majority of the dengue patients had sinus rhythm (42 of 66, 64%), and of these, 8 had heart rates at the lower limits of normal range for age (12%). 23 percent of abnormal rhythms were detected on day 1 of illness. All rhythm abnormalities resolved by day 14 of afebrile. CONCLUSION: The series of ECG did not show clinically significant or life-threatening arrhythmias during the patients’ dengue illness in this cohort. All arrhythmias were benign and self-limiting, regardless of dengue severity. The ECG did not correlate well with and cannot be utilized to predict the clinical course of the dengue illness.

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