HomeDAVAO RESEARCH JOURNALvol. 16 no. 2 (2025)

Community Preferences for a Pay-As-You-Throw Scheme in Dahican, Mati City, Philippines

Nemore M Lahoy | France Guillian B Rapiz

Discipline: environmental sciences

 

Abstract:

Solid waste has rapidly and continuously accumulated due to human activities and lack of proper management. The Pay-As-You-Throw (PAYT) scheme is based on the polluter-pays principle as a technical solution for economic incentives for waste generation. The study determined household level of awareness and practices on Solid Waste Management (SWM) and its community-preferred SWM services in Dahican, Mati, Philippines. To investigate, adopted questionnaires were employed, and a face-to-face survey was conducted in households in Dahican. It was revealed that households were highly aware practice of SWM. In particular, the household was very highly aware of the policies and guidelines of SWM (x?=4.29) and always practices proper disposal (x?=4.65). Additionally, households marginally preferred PAYT service with an attribute that waste is placed at the curbside where it is collected twice a week by the municipal workers, with garbage trucks, that waste segregation is not required, with a payment of ?80 (or ?20 per week) to the barangay treasurer. It was noted that there was no significant difference in the level of awareness and practice of SWM according to age bracket, gender, household size, and monthly income. Moreover, community preferences for the PAYT scheme remain uncertain and not feasible. To note, community engagement and education, and regular monitoring of barangay-based SWM are necessary, due to respondents’ limited awareness of their role in SWM and often a practice of proper reusing, segregation, and recycling.



References:

  1. Ali, M., Wang, W., Chaudhry, N., & Geng, Y. (2017). Hospital waste management in developing countries: A mini review. Waste Management and Research, 35(6), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X176913
  2. Almasi, A., Mohammadi, M., Azizi, A., Berizi, Z., Shamsi, K., Shahbazi, A., & Mosavi, S. A. (2019). Assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of the Kermanshahi women towards reducing, recycling and reusing of municipal solid waste. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 329–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.017
  3. Batllevell, M., & Hanf, K. (2008). The fairness of PAYT systems: Some guidelines for decision-makers. Waste Management, 28(12), 2793–2800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.02.031
  4. Boorsma, J. D., Gaudiel, R. G., & Paul, J. G. (2012). Introducing a Pay-As-You-Throw scheme to enhance solid waste management in Bayawan City, Philippines: Experiences and potentials. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25617.43369
  5. Bos-Brouwers, H. E. J., Soethoudt, J. M., Canali, M., Östergren, K., Amani, P., Aramyan, L., Sijtsema, S. J., Korhonen, O., & O’Connor, C. (2014). Drivers of current food waste generation, threats of future increase and opportunities for reduction. FUSIONS N FP7-KBBE-2012-6-311972.
  6. Budihardjo, M. A., Ardiansyah, S. Y., & Ramadan, B. S. (2022). Community-driven material recovery facility (CdMRF) for sustainable economic incentives of waste management: Evidence from Semarang City, Indonesia. Habitat International, 119, 102488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102488
  7. Chen, D. M.-C., Bodirsky, B. L., Krueger, T., Mishra, A., & Popp, A. (2020). The world’s growing municipal solid waste: Trends and impacts. Environmental Research Letters, 15(7), 074021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8659
  8. de Souza Melaré, A. V., González, S. M., Faceli, K., & Casadei, V. (2017). Technologies and decision support systems to aid solid-waste management: A systematic review. Waste Management, 59, 567–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.045
  9. Debrah, J. K., Vidal, D. G., & Dinis, M. A. P. (2021). Raising awareness on solid waste management. through formal education for sustainability: Developing countries evidence   reviews. Recycling, 6(1), 6. Doi:10.3390/recycling6010006.
  10. Drimili, E., Herrero-Martin, R., Suardiaz-Muro, J., & Zervas, E. (2020). Public views and attitudes about municipal waste management: Empirical evidence from Athens, Greece. Waste Management and Research, 38(6), 614–625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X20911708
  11. Emmanouil, C., Papadopoulou, K., Papamichael, I., & Zorpas, A. A. (2022). Pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) for municipal solid waste management in Greece: On public opinion and acceptance. Sustainability, 14(22), 15429. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142215429
  12. Epp, D. J., & Mauger, P. C. (1989). Attitudes and household characteristics influencing solid waste generation: A household garbage analysis. Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 18(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0899367X00000258
  13. Fullerton, D., & Kinnaman, T. C. (2017). Household responses to pricing garbage by the bag. In Environmental taxation in practice (pp. 481–494). Routledge.
  14. Ghimire, M., Pandey, S., Chang, S.-E., & Woo, J. (2024). Assessing determinants and readiness for willingness-to-pay (WTP) for unit-based pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste tariff structures: A case study of Kathmandu, Nepal. Waste Management, 190, 227–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2024.09.029
  15. Giusti, L. (2009). A review of waste management practices and their impact on human health. Waste Management, 29(8), 2227–2239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.03.028
  16. Gupta, N., Yadav, K. K., & Kumar, V. (2015). A review on current status of municipal solid waste management in India. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 37, 206–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.034
  17. Huemer, T. (2017). Sustainable waste management: Participation and social inclusion as an integral component of municipal waste management.
  18. Jörissen, J., Priefer, C., & Bräutigam, K.-R. (2015). Food waste generation at household level: Results of a survey among employees of two European research centers in Italy and Germany. Sustainability, 7(3), 2695–2715. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7032695
  19. Kasmuri, N., Razak, S. N. A., Yaacob, Z., Miskon, M. F., Ramli, N. H., & Zaini, N. (2023). Waste segregation through recycle and composting activities in urban and suburban areas. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1135(1), 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012059
  20. Kihila, J. M., Wernsted, K., & Kaseva, M. (2021). Waste segregation and potential for recycling—A case study in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Sustainable Environment, 7(1), 1935532. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1935532
  21. Kumar, S., Smith, S. R., Fowler, G., Velis, C., Kumar, S. J., Arya, S., Rena, Kumar, R., & Cheeseman, C. (2017). Challenges and opportunities associated with waste management in India. Royal Society Open Science, 4(3), 160764. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160764
  22. Li, C. H., Lee, T. T., & Lau, S. S. Y. (2023). Enhancement of municipal solid waste management in Hong Kong through innovative solutions: A review. Sustainability, 15(4), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043310
  23. Macusi, E. D., Morales, I. D., Abreo, N. A. S., & Jimenez, L. A. (2019). Perception of solid waste management and rate of accumulation in schools in Mati City, Mindanao island, Philippines. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 8(2), 113–144. https://doi.org/10.21463/jmic.2019.08.2.09
  24. Messina, G., Tomasi, A., Ivaldi, G., & Vidoli, F. (2023). ‘Pay as you own’ or ‘pay as you throw’? A counterfactual evaluation of alternative financing schemes for waste services. Journal of Cleaner Production, 412, 137363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137363
  25. Miliute-Plepiene, J., Hage, O., Plepys, A., & Reipas, A. (2016). What motivates households’ recycling behaviour in recycling schemes of different maturity? Lessons from Lithuania and Sweden. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 113, 40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.05.008
  26. Mir, I. S., Cheema, P. P. S., & Singh, S. P. (2021). Implementation analysis of solid waste management in Ludhiana city of Punjab. Environmental Challenges, 2, 100023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100023
  27. Mmereki, D., Baldwin, A., & Li, B. (2016). A comparative analysis of solid waste management in developed, developing and lesser developed countries. Environmental Technology Reviews, 5(1), 120–141.
  28. Martos, J. L., & Zeschmar-Lahl, B. (2017). The impact of pay-as-you-throw schemes on municipal solid waste management: The exemplar case of the county of Aschaffenburg, Germany. Resources, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622515.2016.1259357
  29. Nawaz, A., Chen, J., Su, X., & Zahid Hassan, H. M. (2022). Material-based penalty-cost quantification model for construction projects influencing waste management. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 807359. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.807359
  30. Papamichael, I., Chatziparaskeva, G., Pedreno, J. N., Voukkali, I., Candel, M. B. A., & Zorpas, A. A. (2022). Building a new mindset in tomorrow fashion development through circular strategy models in the framework of waste management. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 36, 100638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100638
  31. PhilAtlas. (2025). Dahican, Mati, Davao Oriental. https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/r11/davao-oriental/mati/dahican.html
  32. Rousta, K., Bolton, K., & Dahlén, L. (2016). A procedure to transform recycling behavior for source separation of household waste. Recycling, 1(1), 147–165. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling1010147
  33. Sampson Oduro-Kwarteng, S. M., Monney, I., & Keraita, B. (2015). The potential, impacts, and challenges of pay-as-you-throw for municipal solid waste services in Ghana. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science, 4(2), 85. https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20150509113537
  34. Sapuay, G. P. (2016). Resource recovery through RDF: Current trends in solid waste management in the Philippines. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 464–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2016.07.030
  35. Saritha, V., Sunil Kumar, K. A., & Srikanth Vuppala, N. V. (2015). Consumer attitudes and perceptions on electronic waste: An assessment. Pollution, 1(1), 31–43.
  36. Shaharudin, M. R., Zailani, S., & Tan, K. C. (2015). Barriers to product returns and recovery management in a developing country: Investigation using multiple methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.071
  37. Sin-Yee, T., & Sheau-Ting, L. (2016). Attributes in fostering waste segregation behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7(9), 672. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.9.860
  38. Suminguit, K., Piguing, R., Lumogdang, H., Torio, A. A., Acuna, C., Catipay, J. P., & de Vera, P. J. (2023). Factors affecting the intentions to implement a “no plastic policy” in Cotabato City, Philippines. Davao Research Journal, 14(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v14i1.98
  39. Suryawan, I. W. K., & Lee, C.-H. (2024). Exploring citizens’ cluster attitudes and importance-performance policy for adopting sustainable waste management practices. Waste Management Bulletin, 2(3), 204–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wmb.2024.07.011
  40. Tarmudi, Z., Abdullah, M. L., & Tap, A. O. M. (2012). A review of municipal solid waste management in Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 41–56. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v57.1252
  41. Trang, P. T. T., Dong, H. Q., Toan, D. Q., Hanh, N. T. X., & Thu, N. T. (2017). The effects of socio-economic factors on household solid waste generation and composition: A case study in Thu Dau Mot, Vietnam. Energy Procedia, 107, 253–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.144
  42. Ukkonen, A., & Sahimaa, O. (2021). Weight-based pay-as-you-throw pricing model: Encouraging sorting in households through waste fees. Waste Management, 135, 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2021.09.011
  43. Verzosa, R. C., Katipunan, F. J. M., Lumangyao, J. G. B., & Antonio, E. S. (2024). Solid waste management awareness and practices in coastal communities. Davao Research Journal, 15(3), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v15i3.247
  44. Virtanen, P. K., Siragusa, L., & Guttorm, H. (2020). Introduction: Toward more inclusive definitions of sustainability. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 43, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.04.003
  45. Wilson, D. C., Rodic, L., Modak, P., Soos, R., Carpintero, A., Velis, K., Iyer, M., & Simonett, O. (2015). Global waste management outlook. UNEP.
  46. Wright, C., Halstead, J. M., & Huang, J. C. (2019). Estimating treatment effects of unit-based pricing of household solid waste disposal. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 48(1), 21-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/age.2018.2.
  47. Yao, W., & Zhou, X. (2023). Acceptance of pay-as-you-throw solid waste charging methods among urban residents in China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1263565. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1263565
  48. Zhao, L., Zhang, L., Sun, J., & He, P. (2022). Can public participation constraints promote green technological innovation of Chinese enterprises? The moderating role of government environmental regulatory enforcement. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121198
  49. Ziraba, A. K., Haregu, T. N., & Mberu, B. (2016). A review and framework for understanding the potential impact of poor solid waste management on health in developing countries. Archives of Public Health, 74, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-016-0166-4
  50. Zohoori, M., & Ghani, A. (2017). Municipal solid waste management challenges and problems for cities in low-income and developing countries. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications, 6(2), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.7753/IJSEA0602.1003