HomeNRCP Research Journalvol. 24 no. 2 (2025)

Land Use Governance Towards Sustainable and Smart Cities of the Future

Eugenio C. Navida

Discipline: planning (urban, rural and regional)

 

Abstract:

Faced with challenges of rapid urbanization, technological disruption, and climate change, built environment practices globally are witnessing unprecedented transformation in urban planning and land use governance. This research makes an extensive analysis of land use governance in the Philippines, focusing on sustainable development policy frameworks and smart city practices. Based on a systematic review of the existing literature, policies and implementation practices during the period of 2019–2024, this study highlights key gaps in the implementation of policy objectives versus what is feasible on the ground especially in local government capacity, technology focus and climate resilience. Such evidence illustrates that a combination of sustainability principles and social justice, but also relevant technological development conditional on the local context. Four Key Insights Content Contrast: Local policy-making capabilities lag national policy frameworks; Emerging Technologies -Ethical dilemmas and governance challenges for urban planning; Climate Change is an increasing land use factor, generating socio-ecological trade-off governance questions; and Good Governance - the implementation of technology-driven climate change adaptation requires more local leadership capacity and enhanced citizen engagement. This study adds to the nascent conversation on sustainability within developing cities, offering guidance for policymakers and urban planners.



References:

  1. Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J., & Garcia-Lamarca, M. (2023). From climate gentrification to resilience gentrification: The role of urban adaptation planning. Urban Studies, 60(4), 678-695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31572-1
  2. Asian Development Bank. (2023). Da Nang Resilience Project: Implementation review 2022-2023. ADB Urban Development Series.
  3. Asian Development Bank. (2024). Metro Manila Smart City Transformation: Implementation Report 2022- 2024. Manila: ADB Urban Development Series.
  4. Asian Development Bank. (2024). Smart Cities Implementation Report: Southeast Asian Cities 2022-2024. ADB Urban Development Series.
  5. Asian Development Bank. (2024). Urban development and sustainability in Southeast Asia: Progress Report 2024. Manila, Philippines.
  6. Bandung City Government, Indonesia. (2024). Smart city development report 2022-2024. Dept. of Urban Planning.
  7. Cebu City Government. (2024). Circular economy implementation report 2023-2024I. City Planning and Development Office.
  8. Datola, G. (2023). Implementing urban resilience in urban planning: A comprehensive framework for urban resilience. Sustainable Cities and Society, 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104821
  9. Da Nang People's Committee. (2024). Resilient City Implementation Report 2022-2024. Department of Planning and Investment.
  10. Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development. (2023). National Urban Development and Housing Framework 2023-2028. Republic of the Philippines.
  11. Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development. (2024). Comprehensive Land Use Plan Implementation Status Report Q1 2024. Republic of the Philippines.
  12. Department of Information and Communications Technology. (2024). Smart City Initiatives in Metro Manila: Progress Report Q1 2024. Republic of the Philippines.
  13. Environmental Management Bureau. (2024). Climate resilience and adaptation monitoring report. Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
  14. Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board. (2022). Comprehensive Land Use Plan Guidelines. Republic of the Philippines.
  15. Housing Development Board Singapore. (2023). Digital Twin Implementation Report 2023. Singapore Government Publications.
  16. International Conference on Smart Cities and Urban Planning. (2024). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Smart Cities and Urban Planning. Singapore: ICSUP.
  17. Kumar, D. (2023). The making of smart citizenry: Decoding 'smart citizen'. Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal, 7(2), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.25019/t2sp3p75
  18. Kumar, D. (2024). Actual practices of citizen participation in smart cities. Smart Cities and Regional Development (SCRD) Journal, 8(2), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.25019/4c05yr24
  19. Lee, C. A., Flores, N. M., & Hom, L. D. (2021). Learning from Asian Americans: Implications for Planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research44(2), 535-540. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X211006768
  20. Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. (2023). Digital transformation progress report: Smart city implementation 2022-2023. MMDA Technical Papers.
  21. Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. (2024). Smart city implementation framework 2022-2025. MMDA Technical Papers.
  22. National Economic and Development Authority. (2023). Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. Republic of the Philippines.
  23. Navarro, A. M. (2023). The need for a National Land Use Act in the Philippines. Philippine Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper Series, 2023-12. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.40
  24. Professional Regulation Commission. (2024). Environmental Planner licensure examination statistics 2009-2023. PRC Statistical Bulletin.
  25. Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority. (2024). Digital twin technology in urban planning: Implementation guidelines and outcomes. URA Technical Series.
  26. Southeast Asian Conference on Sustainable Urban Development. (2023). Conference proceedings: Sustainable cities in the digital age. Manila: SECSUD.
  27. Son, T. H., Weedon, Z., Yigitcanlar, T., Sanchez, T., Corchado, J. M., & Mehmood, R. (2023). Algorithmic urban planning for smart and sustainable development: Systematic review of the literature. Sustainable Cities and Society, 94, 104562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104562
  28. Tabiolo, P. (2025). Philippine Local Governments and Their Role in Local Governance and Development. ResearchGate. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.15647.50089
  29. World Bank. (2023). Bandung smart city development: Technical assistance report. World Bank Urban Development Series.
  30. World Bank. (2023). Climate resilient cities: Iloilo City case study. World Bank Climate Change Series.
  31. World Bank. (2024). Smart cities and sustainable development in Southeast Asia: Implementation analysis 2024. World Bank Urban Development Series.
  32. World Bank. (2024). Smart cities for sustainable development: Implementation frameworks and best practices. World Bank Group.
  33. World Bank. (2024). Urban development indicators: Southeast Asian cities. World Bank Urban Development Series.
  34. Yigitcanlar, T., & Cugurullo, F. (2023). Artificial intelligence in urban planning: Implementation frameworks and ethical considerations. Cities, 132, 103925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208548
  35. Venumuddala, Vinay Reddy, et.al. (2024). Governing Smart City IoT Interventions: A complex Adaptive Systems Perspective. ACM DL Digital Library. Digital Government: Research and Practice, 5(3). https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3660644