HomeInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Researchvol. 6 no. 12 (2025)

Factors Influencing School Preference: Mapping the Student Market

Archie Carlo U. Cruz | Aira Mae M. Salamatin | Ken Paul M. Espinosa

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The study aimed to explore the students’ insights by examining the fac-tors that influence their school preference and overall experience dur-ing the enrollment process. The study utilized a descriptive-quantita-tive research method employing survey research to analyze the per-spectives of incoming college students. The participants of the study were all admitted students for the school year 2024-2025 at Baliuag University, Baliwag City, Bulacan. Specifically, the study employed a nonprobability sampling technique known as purposive sampling. A total of 707 respondents were involved in the conduct of the investiga-tion, which comprised the total number of students who answered the survey questionnaire. The students’ school preference, based on the re-sults of the study, spans factors not limited to advertising strategies. With friends’ and relatives’ recommendations being the most influen-tial, this underscored the importance of the respondents’ social groups in choosing their university for higher education pursuits. Along with this factor are programs offered, academic excellence/quality educa-tion, mode of transportation being tricycle, sportsfest, and learning mo-dality preferred as face-to-face classes. Further, the outstanding enroll-ment process satisfaction results also indicated that the institution should continuously maintain its current operational techniques as well as its openness to feedback, as service quality proved to be funda-mental in how students perceive higher education institutions. The findings of the study served as a basis for targeted recommendations aimed at continuously improving university positioning in the student market, proactively responding to evolving student preferences, and ensuring relevance in the highly competitive Philippine higher educa-tion institution academic landscape.



References:

  1. Ahmed, Ahmed, M. S., Soltani, A., Zahra, D., Allouch, S., Saady, R. M. A., Nasr, A., Saleh, N., Saeed, A., Awad, K. A., Baraka, S. A., Ahmed, O., Babiker, R., Mohammed, E. E. A., & Ali, K. (2025). Remote online learning reimagined: perceptions and ex-periences of medical students in a post-pandemic world. BMC Medical Education, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025 06815-6
  2. Al Ahmed, M. I. A. (2024). The role of recrea-tional sport activities in improving the quality of life for university students. In-ternational Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 12(1), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2024.120120
  3. Alzubi, A. M. (2022). Impact of new digital me-dia on conventional media and visual communication in Jordan. Journal of En-gineering, Technology, and Applied Sci-ence (JETAS), 4(3), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jetas0403.383
  4. Aquino, J. M. D. (2023). Assessing the role of recreational activities in physical educa-tion participation of college students in one state university in Laguna Philip-pines. International Journal of Multidisci-plinary Sciences, 1(2), 190–204. https://doi.org/10.37329/ijms.v1i2.2506
  5. Bajar, J. T., & Gopun, C. M. (2021). Socio-demographic factors as antecedents to university choice process: A case in one private higher education institution in Ilo-ilo City. Asian Journal on Perspectives in Education, 2(1), 64-88. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3930525
  6. Bayudan-Dacuycuy, C. G., Orbeta, A. C. J., & Ortiz, M. K. P. (2023). The quest for quali-ty and equity in the Philippine higher ed-ucation: Where to from here?. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 12, 2-10. https://doi.org/10.62986/pn2023.12
  7. Belmonte, Z. J. A., Prasetyo, Y. T., Ong, A. K.S., Chuenyindee, T., Yuduang, N., Kusonwat-tana, P., Nadlifatin, R., Persada, S. F., & Buaphiban, T. (2022). How important is the tuition fee during the COVID-19 pan-demic in a developing country? Evalua-tion of Filipinos’ preferences on public university attributes using conjoint analy-sis. Heliyon, 8(11), e11205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11205
  8. Bohara, S., Suri, P., & Panwar, D. (2022). Inves-tigating the effect of tuition fees on stu-dents’ choice of college mediated by household income- PLS SEM. Interna-tional Journal of Early Childhood Special Education (INT-JECS), 14(2), 2148-2159. https://doi.org/10.9756/INTJECSE/V14I2.190
  9. Buedron, N. F. (2022). Students participation and constraints to intramural sports. Psy-chology and Education Journal, 59(2), 1221-1229. https://psychologyandeducation.net/pae/inex.php/pae/article/view/7549
  10. Casingal, C. P. (2024). University students' atti-tudes toward face-to-face and online classes: A post pandemic analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Human Development and Family Studies, 3(1), 57-77. https://ahead.uplb.edu.ph/volumes/volume-3-no-1/
  11. Cletzer, D. A., Scroggs, J., Simonsen, J. C., & Washburn, S. G. (2020). Factors influenc-ing college choice: A comparison of ma-triculants and non-matriculants at a mid-western college of agriculture. NACTA Journal, 65, 536–546. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27157881
  12. Cooksey, R.W. (2020). Descriptive statistics for summarising data. In: Illustrating statisti-cal procedures: Finding meaning in quan-titative data. Springer, Singapore, 61-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2537-7_5
  13. Cordero-Gutiérrez, R., & Lahuerta-Otero, E. (2020). Social media advertising efficien-cy on higher education programs. Span-ish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 24(2), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/sjme-09-2019-0075
  14. De Sesto, E. M. A. B., Redondo Jr, S. C., & Enci-so, R. E. (2024). Factors influencing sen-ior high school students' decisions in col-lege enrollment at Columban college Olongapo City. Institutional Multidiscipli-nary Research and Development Journal, 5, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32558.83525
  15. Dugenio-Nadela, C., Cañeda, D. M., Tirol, S. L., Samillano, J. H., Pantuan, D. J. M., Piañar, J. C., Tinapay, A. O., Casas, H. M. S., Come-ta, R. A., Conson, S. O., Urot, M. V., Ancot, J. M., Nadela, R. L., Dugenio-Terol, I., Baluyot, A. M., Pevida, K., Olivar, J. I., & Decena, E. (2023). Service quality and student’s satisfaction in higher education institution. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 11, 858-870. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2023.114049
  16. Emon, M. M. H., Abtahi, A.T., & Jhuma, S. A. (2023). Factors influencing college stu-dent’s choice of a university in Bangla-desh. Social Values and Society, 5(1): 01-03. http://doi.org/10.26480/svs.01.2023.01.03
  17. Enoch, H.K., Mohammed, I., & Ziblim, S. (2025). Undergraduate students’ percep-tions of customer service delivery quality and its influence on loyalty: insights from
  18. undergraduate students at a private uni-versity in upper east region. Cross Cur-rent Int Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci, 11(4), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.36344/ccijhss.2025.v11i04.003
  19. Erinjeri, M. J., & Lobo, L. (2023). The impact of leisure time activities on the academic performance among college students. In-ternational Journal for Research in Ap-plied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 11(1), 497-504. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48600
  20. Ersöz, Y., Yildirim, İ., & Zeytun, R. (2023). In-vestigation of university students’ recrea-tion benefit awareness and physical activ-ity levels. Avrasya Spor Bilimleri Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 5(2), 158–169. https://doi.org/10.47778/ejsse.1322968
  21. Felina, Z., Agustien, M., & Kadarsa, E. (2025). Strategies to improve public transporta-tion services for students of the Universi-ty of Bengkulu. Eduvest - Journal of Uni-versal Studies, 5(4), 4272-4284. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v5i4.51109
  22. Gaspar, A. M. C. S., & Soares, J. M. A. C. (2021). Factors influencing the choice of higher education institutions in Angola. Interna-tional Journal of Educational Administra-tion and Policy Studies, 13(1), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEAPS2020.0680
  23. Gökçe, S. (2022). Scientific study comparing digital advertising and print advertising. Current Science, 4(8-5), 559-576. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7555880
  24. Grigolienė, R., & Tamoševičienė, R. (2020). Factors influencing student choice in higher education. Vadyba Journal of Management, 36(1), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2020.04
  25. Gumasing, M. J. J. (2025). Exploring factors influencing e-bike adoption among Filipi-no commuters: An integrated diffusion of innovation and technology acceptance model. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 16(2), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16020113
  26. Guno, C. S., Collera, A. A., & Agaton, C. B. (2021). Barriers and drivers of transition to sustainable public transport in the Philippines. World Electric Vehicle Jour-nal, 12(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010046
  27. Harahap, D. A., Amanah, D., Gunarto, M., & Purwanto, P. (2021). The decision of choosing a university: The impact of edu-cation costs. JIM UPB (Jurnal Ilmiah Ma-najemen Universitas Putera Batam), 9(2), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.33884/jimupb.v9i2.3712
  28. Hieu, V. M., Xuyen, N. T. M., & Hung, D. D. P. (2020). Factors influencing to the univer-sity choice of high-schools pupils-an em-pirical study of Lam Dong province, Vi-etnam. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 1656-1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.08.324
  29. Jin, Y. Q., Lin, C., Zhao, Q., Yu, S., & Su, Y. (2021). A study on Traditional Teaching Method Transferring to E-Learning Under the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Chinese Students’ Perspectives. Frontiers in Psy-chology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632787
  30. Jošanov-Vrgović, I., Vuković, A. J., Papić-Blagojević, N., & Bolesnikov, D. (2020). Analysis of quality of services in higher education institutions. In Advances in fi-nance, accounting, and economics book series (pp. 349–365). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1196-1.ch020
  31. Juhaidi, A. (2024). University choice factors: A case of two types of higher education in the third-largest island in the world. Co-gent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2367731
  32. Keppens, G., Boone, S., Consuegra, E., Laurijs-sen, I., Spruyt, B., & Droogenbroeck, F. V. (2023). First generation college students’ motives to start university education: An investment in self-development, one’s economic prospects or to become a role model? YOUNG, 31(2), 142-160. https://doi.org/10.1177/11033088221139393
  33. Labuschagne, N., Schreck, C. M., & Weilbach, J. T. (2023). Patterns of participation in ac-tive recreation and leisure boredom among university students. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 45(2), 46-62. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-sport_v45_n2_a4
  34. Larson, M., Davies, R., Steadman, A., & Cheng, W. M. (2023). Student’s choice: In-person, online, or on demand? A comparison of instructional modality preference and ef-fectiveness. Education Sciences, 13(9), 877. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13090877
  35. Le, T. D., Le, N. V., Nguyen, T. T., Tran, K. T., & Hoang, H. Q. (2022). Choice factors when Vietnamese high school students consider universities: A mixed method approach. Education Sciences, 12(11), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110779
  36. Le, T. D., Robinson, L. J., & Dobele, A. R. (2019). Understanding high school stu-dents use of choice factors and word-of-mouth information sources in university selection. Studies in Higher Education, 45(4), 808–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1564259
  37. Lessky, F. (2024). First-in-Family students’ roots and routes into higher education: Familial dynamics as drivers for breaking intergenerational cycles of educational attainment. European Educational Re-search Journal, 00(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/14749041241310058
  38. Lin, C., Jin, Y. Q., Zhao, Q., Yu, S., & Su, Y. (2021). Factors Influence Students’ Switching Behavior to Online Learning under COVID-19 Pandemic: A Push–Pull–Mooring Model Perspective. The Asia Pa-cific Education Researcher, 30(3), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00570-0
  39. Malik, N., & Hussain, I. (2020). Effects of de-mographic variables on career choice of university Students. Global Educational Studies Review, V(III), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.31703/gesr.2020(V-III).09
  40. Marx, T. (2025). The push-pull-mooring model of consumer service switching: a meta-analytical review to guide future re-search. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 35(7), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/jstp-06-2024-0201
  41. Mazzarol, T., & Soutar, G. N. (2002). “Push‐pull” factors influencing international student destination choice. International Journal of Educational Management, 16(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540210418403
  42. Mbazor, D. N. (2020). Influence of office facili-ties and workplace environment on staffs’ productivity in the university sys-tem. Proceeds on Engineering Sciences, 2(4), 409-418. 10.24874/PES02.04.008
  43. Mehta, K. J., Aula-Blasco, J., & Mantaj, J. (2024). University students' preferences of learn-ing modes post COVID-19-associated lockdowns: In-person, online, and blend-ed. PLoS ONE, 19(7), e0296670. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296670
  44. Mendoza-Villafaina, J., & López-Mosquera, N. (2024). Educational experience, universi-ty satisfaction and institutional reputa-tion: Implications for university sustaina-bility. The International Journal of Man-agement Education, 22(3), 101013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101013
  45. Najimudinova, S., Ismai̇lova, R., & Oskonbaeva, Z. (2022). What defines the university choice? The case of higher education in Kyrgyzstan. Sosyoekonomi, 30(54), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2022.04.03
  46. Nikou, S., Kadel, B., & Gutema, D. M. (2023). Study destination preference and post-graduation intentions: a push-pull factor theory perspective. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-04-2023-0149
  47. Nuriadi, N. (2021). The effectiveness of appli-cation of marketing strategies in private higher education. AKADEMIK: Jurnal Ma-hasiswa Humanis, 1(3), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v1i3.460
  48. Nuseir, M. T., & Refae, G. A. E. (2021). Factors influencing the choice of studying at UAE universities: an empirical research on the adoption of educational marketing strat-egies. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 32(2), 215–237. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841241.2020.1852467
  49. Nyimbili F., & Nyimbili L. (2024). Types of purposive sampling techniques with their examples and application in qualitative research studies. British Journal of Mul-tidisciplinary and Advanced Studies: Eng-lish Lang., Teaching, Literature, Linguis-tics & Communication, 5(1), 90-99. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0196
  50. Ong, A. K. S., Prasetyo, Y. T., Lagura, F. C., Ra-mos, R. N., Sigua, K. M., Villas, J. A., Nadli-fatin, R., Young, M. N., & Diaz, J. F. T. (2023). Determining tricycle service qual-ity and satisfaction in the Philippine ur-ban areas: A SERVQUAL approach. Cities, 137, 104339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104339
  51. Owen, L., Poynton, T. A., & Moore, R. (2020). Student preferences for college and ca-reer information. Journal of College Ac-cess, 5(1), 7, 68-100. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jca/vol5/iss1/7
  52. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). Func-tional literacy, education and mass media survey (FLEMMS) 2019: Final report. Philippine Statistics Authority. https://psa.gov.ph
  53. Pingol, K. F. G. (2022). Learners’ perceptions and preferences in distance learning in the new normal era. International Journal of Social Learning (IJSL), 3(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijsl.v3i1.38
  54. Por, N., Say, C., & Mov, S. (2024). Factors influ-encing students’ decision in choosing uni-versities: build bright university students. Jurnal As-Salam, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.37249/assalam.v8i1.646
  55. Pramono, R., Rifai, A. I., & Handayani, S. (2022). The Student Perception of public transportation mode choice: A case study of Universitas Mercubuana. Citizen Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(5), 934–943. https://doi.org/10.53866/jimi.v2i5.211
  56. Quesada, G. M., Gabuardi, V. F., Vargas, R. H., Quirós, O. E., & Chaverri, G. (2023). Online or Face-to Face learning? College students’ perceptions in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. European Jour-nal of Education and Pedagogy, 4(3), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.3.645
  57. Ranwala, L., Siriwardena, S., Kurukulaarach-chi, V., & Edirisinghe, L. (2023). Factors affecting on students’ university choice in the tertiary education in Sri Lanka. Inter-national Journal of Educational Admin-istration and Policy Studies, 15(2), 97-109. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJEAPS2023.0752
  58. Saguin, K. (2022). The politics of de-privatisation: Philippine higher education in transition. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 53(3), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2022.2035424
  59. Sarkodie, N. A. Asare, A. and Asare, D. (2020). Factors influencing students’ choice of tertiary education. ADRRI Journal (Multi-disciplinary), 28(11 (5), 58-92. https://www.journals.adrri.org/
  60. Silwal, P.P. & Baral, R.K. (2021). Factors influ-encing college choice of Nepalese under-graduate students. Quest Journal of Man-agement and Social Sciences, 3(2), 229-244. https://doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v3i2.41572
  61. Spencer, G., & Stich, A. (2023). College choice revisited: Socioeconomic differences in college transfer destinations among four-year college entrants. Research in higher education, 1–28. Advance online publica-tion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-023-09730-1
  62. Susan, M., Winarto, J., Aribowo, A., Raihin, Y. O., Martalena, Herlina, Kambono, H., & Prayogo, E. (2023). The impact of student satisfaction on student loyalty: the role of student trust. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i6.5972
  63. Taherdoost, H. (2022). What are different re-search approaches? Comprehensive re-view of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method research, their applica-tions, types, and limitations. Journal of Management Science & Engineering Re-search, 5(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.30564/jmser.v5i1.4538ff.ffhal-03741840f
  64. Wong, W. H., & Chapman, E. (2022). Student satisfaction and interaction in higher ed-ucation. Higher Education, 85, 957-978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00874-0
  65. Wu, J., & Gu, Y. (2022). Innovation capabilities in the convergence trend of higher educa-tion from the perspective of quality man-agement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.979059
  66. Xu, H., Wang, J., Tai, Z., & Lin, H. (2021). Em-pirical study on the factors affecting user switching behavior of online learning platform based on push-pull-mooring theory. Sustainability, 13(13), 7087. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137087
  67. Yusuf, A. A. (2024). Factors affecting students’ choice of universities. International Jour-nal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 11(1), 1-18. www.ijcar.net/previous-issues/vol-11-no-1-january-2024/