Integration of Smart Monitoring Systems in Marine Engineering: A Management Approach to Edge Computing and Sensor Technologies
Goodnews E. Umoren | Jelissa G. Flores
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study aimed to investigate how these smart monitoring technol-ogies can be effectively implemented in marine engineering practice through a structured, management-oriented approach. The study utilized a descriptive-correlational approach with the participation of selected 106 marine engineering personnels within the Philip-pines. The study was focused on human resource and competency development, process optimization, system integration manage-ment, and project implementation supervision among maritime com-panies in the Philippines. The study used various statistical methods to analyze the profile of the respondents and evaluate the identified problems and best practices such as frequencies, percentages, and weighted means. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coeffi-cient (r) was employed to test the relationship existing between the level of difficulty and change in the best practices in the four major areas. The results indicated that the project implementation moni-toring was the most difficult with the mean of 3.13, whereas system integration management was the least with the mean of 2.42. The management’s best practices regarding system integration received the highest score of 3.50, which is significant for the technology’s in-tegration effectiveness. Although the issues of human resource and competency development showed weak and insignificant correla-tions with the related best practices, several other areas, especially system integration management, process optimization, and project implementation oversight, showed stronger correlations This means that when difficulties arise in these areas, the organization will be more willing to adopt flexible, effective best practices to maintain op-erational performance and promote the successful adoption of tech-nology in maritime engineering operations. This indicate that it is es-sential to perceive challenges as the opportunity to enhance the op-erational performance and promote the usage of intelligent monitor-ing systems. It emphasizes the importance of talent development programs, structured integration frameworks, and strategic project management for maximizing the benefits of innovative technology in the Philippine marine engineering industry.
References:
- Al-Nimer, J., Wu, D., & Jung, M. (2024). Stake-holder involvement and project perfor-mance: Mediating role in sustainable in-frastructure delivery. Frontiers in the Built Environment, 4, Article 157582. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1575827
- Almeida, F. (2023). Challenges in the Digital Transformation of Ports. Businesses, 3(4), 548-568. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses3040034
- Arias, J. A., Martínez, L. A., & García, M. et al. (2021). Digital transformation in the mar-itime transport sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120874
- Bousdekis, A., Lepenioti, K., Apostolou, D., & Mentzas, G. (2019). Deci-sion Making in Predictive Maintenance: Literature Review and Research Agenda for Industry 4.0. IFAC PapersOnLine, 52(13), 607 612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.226
- Bhardwaj, S. (2023). Skilling the Maritime Sec-tor in the World of Digitalization. IIRE Journal of Maritime Research and Devel-opment, 7(2). https://ojsiire.com/index.php/IJMRD/article/view/252
- Bal, M., & Perera, L. P. (2022). Competence development for smart shipping: Training and human factors in maritime digitaliza-tion. Maritime Transport Research, 3, 100067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2022.100067
- Chen, G., Yang, J., Huang, B., Ma, C., Tian, F., Ge, L., Xia, L., & Li, J. (2023). Toward digi-tal twin of the ocean: from digitalization to cloning. Intelligent Marine Technology and Systems, 1, 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44295 023 00003 2
- Carayon, P. (2015). Advancing a sociotechnical systems approach to workplace safety—A review. Applied Ergonomics, 45(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2013.03.023
- Chamrada, D., & Kollmann, J. (2023). Evolution of the Theory of Constraints: A literature review. Transport and Communications, 11(2), 7-14. https://doi.org/10.26552/tac.C.2023.2.2
- Cox, J. F. III. (2021). Using the theory of con-straints to create a paradigm shift in or-ganisation performance at a large prima-ry care provider practice. Operational Re-search for Health Care. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orhc.2021.100312
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Re-search design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Durlik, I., Miller, T., Cembrowska Lech, D., Krzemińska, A., Złoczowska, E., & Nowak, A. (2023). Navigating the Sea of Data: A Comprehensive Review on Data Analysis in Maritime IoT Applications. Ap-plied Sciences, 13(17), 9742. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179742
- Ferreira, J. C., & Martins, A. L. (2019). Edge computing approach for vessel monitor-ing system. Energies, 12(16), 3087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12163087
- Ferreira, J. C., & Martins, A. L. (2019). Edge Computing Approach for Vessel Monitor-ing System. Energies, 12(16), 3087. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12163087
- Ficili, I., Giacobbe, M., Tricomi, G., & Puliafito, A. (2025). From sensors to data intelli-gence: Leveraging IoT, cloud, and edge computing with AI. Sensors, 25(6), 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061763
- Gavalas, D., Syriopoulos, T., & Roumpis, E. (2022). Digital adoption and efficiency in the maritime industry. Journal of Ship-ping and Trade, 7(1), 1 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072 022 00111 y
- Gausdal, A. H., & Makarova, S. (2023). Digital transformation in the maritime industry: A systematic literature review. Maritime Transport Research, 4, 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.martra.2023.100089
- Ghosh, I., Chattopadhyay, A., & Sanyal, S. (2017). Process optimization through cyber-physical system integration. Proce-dia Computer Science, 115, 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.09.150
- Gausdal, A. H. & Makarova, J. (2017). “Trust and safety onboard.” WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, 16, 197 217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13437-017-0126-z
- Ghosh, S. (2021). Integration challenges in maritime digital transformation: A sys-tems approach. Journal of Marine Engi-neering and Technology, 19(3), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2020.1785462
- International Chamber of Shipping (ICS). (2021). Seafarer workforce report: The global supply and demand for seafarers. ICS Publishing.
- International Maritime Organization (IMO). (2022). Maritime digitalization: Enhanc-ing safety, efficiency and environmental performance. IMO Publishing.
- Kim, S., & Park, H. (2022). AI-driven process optimization in smart maritime logistics. Ocean Engineering, 266, 113296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113296
- Kunc, M. (2024). The Systems Thinking Ap-proach to Strategic Management. Sys-tems, 12(6), Article 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12060213
- Lee, J., Bagheri, B., & Kao, H. A. (2015). A cyber-physical systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing sys-tems. Manufacturing Letters, 3, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.001
- Liu, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). Edge computing in smart ship optimization: Architecture and applications. Marine Technology Society Journal, 55(3), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.55.3.4
- Lloyd’s Register Foundation. (2021). Foresight review of the future of regulatory systems: Regulating in a disruptive world (Report No. 2021.1). https://doi.org/10.60743/BKJE 1E37
- Luiz, J. V. R., Souza, F. B., & Luiz, O. R. (2025). Theory of Constraints and Industry 4.0: Mutual contributions and research per-spectives. Production, 35. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6513.20250032
- Martinez, I., Viles, E. V., & Olaizola, I. G. (2022). A survey study of success factors in data science projects. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.06310
- Menon, S. (2024). Best practices and imple-mentation challenges in effective project management. International Journal of Project Management and Organizational Studies, 12(3), 45–58. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/379302917
- Meštrović, T., Budinski, M., & Romić, D. (2024). Challenges for the education and training of seafarers in the context of autonomous shipping: Bibliometric analysis and sys-tematic literature review. Applied Scienc-es, 14(8), 317
- Müller, R., Drouin, N., & Sankaran, S. (2019). Modeling Organizational Project Man-agement. Project Management Journal, 50(4), 1–15. DOI: 10.1177/8756972819847876
- Obodozie, N. M., & Nwabufo, I. J. (2025). Pro-moting collaboration in the modern workplace: A path to productivity and re-silience. World Journal of Advanced Re-search and Reviews, 25(2), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.2.0343
- Ojukwu, I., & Bednar, P. (2020). Organization-al change as an example of socio-technical design. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development (STPIS’20). CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2789, 34–42. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2789/paper6.pdf
- Perera, L. P., & Mo, B. (2022). Maritime pro-cess optimization through digital trans-formation. Ocean Engineering, 164, 590–600.
- Rahman, A., & Yu, H. (2020). Digital twin for marine systems: Opportunities and chal-lenges. Ocean Engineering, 211, 107539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107539
- Rodrigue, J P., Notteboom, T., & Pallis, A. (2022). Port Economics, Management and Policy. Routledge.
- Selin, H., Selin, N.E. The human–technical–environmental systems framework for sustainability analysis. Sustain Sci 18, 791–808 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01177-0
- Stopford, M. (2020). Coronavirus, Climate Change & Smart Shipping: Three Mari-time Scenarios 2020–2050. Clarkson Re-search Services. Retrieved from https://webinars.capitallink.com/2020/stopford/paper.pdf
- Shi, J., & Fan, L. (2021). Investigating teachers’ and students’ perceptions of online Eng-lish learning in a maritime context in Chi-na. SAGE Open, 11(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211040800
- Sijabat, P., Malau, A., Kurniawan, W., & Agusti-nawati, M. (2024). Integrating computer literacy and social skills in maritime edu-cation: Enhancing cadet readiness. Dinas-ti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science, 5(6), 1655–1663. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v5i6.2701
- Silvius, A. J. G., & Schipper, R. (2019). Explor-ing the relationship between sustainabil-ity and project success—Conceptual mod-el and expected relationships. Sustainabil-ity, 11(3), 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030636
- Silva-Campillo, R., Salvador-González, R., & Gervásio, H. (2023). Intelligent Real-Time Structural Health Monitoring Systems for Marine Structures: A Review. Sensors, 23(4), 2099. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042099
- Sheerin, K. M., Brodell, R., et al. (2023). Apply-ing ecological systems theory to juvenile legal system interventions outcomes re-search: A measurement frame-work. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177568
- Stephenson, L. (2021). Making legacy equip-ment connections work. Automation World, Nov 4 2021. Retrieved from https://www.automationworld.com/factory/iiot/article/21796837/making legacy equipment connections work/
- Sharma, A. (2023). Potential of technolo-gy supported competence development for Maritime Education and Training. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14565.17124.
- Taresh, S. M., Al-Kake, F., & Ramli, M. Z. (2025). The impact of risk management and information systems on project suc-cess: Evidence from the construction in-dustry. Buildings, 15(8), 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081260
- Theotokas, I. N., Lagoudis, I. N., & Raftopoulou, K. (2024). Challenges of maritime human resource management for the transition to shipping digitalization. Journal of Ship-ping and Trade, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41072-024-00165-0
- TOC Institute. (2024). Theory of constraints. https://www.tocinstitute.org/theory-of-constraints.html
- Tripolca, C. O. (2023). Student readiness on the blended learning modalities of the Philip-pine Merchant Marine Academy: An as-sessment. International Journal of Multi-disciplinary: Applied Business and Educa-tion Research, 4(7), 2223–2242. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.07.07
- Trist, E. L. (1981). The evolution of socio-technical systems: A conceptual frame-work and an action research program (Occasional Paper No. 2). Ontario Minis-try of Labour, Ontario Quality of Working Life Centre.
- Tumpa, S. akter, & Tokgoz, B. (10AD). Using Smart Sensors and IoT for Real-Time Pro-ject Monitoring (thesis). Retrieved May 10, 2025, from 10.13140/RG.2.2.16390.48960.
- Udeh, C. A., Oso, O. B., & Igwe, A. N. (2024). The impact of automation on maritime workforce management: A conceptual framework. International Journal of Management and Organizational Re-search, 3(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.54660/IJMOR.2024.3.1.90-102
- Venâncio, A. L. A. C., Brezinski, G. L., Sera-pião Leal, G., Rocha Loures, E. de F., & Deschamps, F. (2023). Digital transfor-mation in maintenance: interoperabil-ity based adequacy aiming smart legacy systems. Production, 33, e20220098. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103 6513.20220098
- von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General system the-ory: Foundations, development, applica-tions. George Braziller
- Won, D., & Kim, J. (2023). Integrating systems thinking and behavioural science: Under-standing interdependence, feedback loops, and emergence. Behaviour-al Sciences, 15(4), 403. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15040403
- Xu G, Shi Y, Sun X, Shen W. Internet of Things in Marine Environment Monitoring: A Review. Sensors (Basel). 2019 Apr 10;19(7):1711. doi: 10.3390/s19071711. PMID: 30974791; PMCID: PMC6479338.
- Zhang, Y., Wang, J., & Li, X. (2021). Interopera-bility issues in maritime smart system in-tegration: Challenges and solutions. Ocean Engineering, 235, 109430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109430