Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 46 no. 4 (2025)

Factors Influencing Intermediate Learners’ Academic Performance in Pili Elementary School, Division of Surigao Del Norte

Ivy Grace Escol

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study examined the factors influencing the academic performance of intermediate learners at Pili Elementary School, Division of Surigao del Norte, for the school year 2023–2024. It focused on learners’ profiles (age, sex, grade level), the extent of individual, school, teacher, peer, and family factors, and their relationship to academic performance. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 120 learners in Grades 4 to 6 through a validated, researcher-made questionnaire translated into Sinugbuanong Binisaya. Results revealed that key influencing factors varied by grade level: in Grade 4, individual and family factors were most influential; in Grade 5, the individual factor emerged as the most significant; and in Grade 6, none of the factors yielded a significant relationship with academic performance. The study recommends a grade-specific intervention program to support learners’ academic and holistic development



References:

  1. Afolabi, A. (2019). Influence of peer pressure on academic performance and social behaviour of students with physical and health impairment. International Journal of Innovative Psychology and Social Development, 7(2), 91-96.
  2. Aji, C.A. & Khan, M.J. (2019) The Impact of Active Learning on Students’ Academic Performance. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 7, 204-211. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.73017
  3. Batul, E., Haseeb, M. A., & Sattar, S. A. (2019). Examining the relationship between literacy rate and poverty in Pakistan. Kashmir Economic Review, 28(1), 1-22.
  4. Briones, S. K. F., Dagamac, R. J. R., David, J. D., & Landerio, C. A. B. (2022). Factors affecting the students’ scholastic performance: A survey study. Indonesian Journal of Educational Research and Technology, 2(2), 97-102.
  5. Burden, P. R. (2020). Classroom management: Creating a successful K-12 learning community. John Wiley & Sons.
  6. Castilla, N., Blanca-Giménez, V., Pérez-Carramiñana, C., & Llinares, C. (2024). Differences between Daylighting and Electric Lighting in Affective Response. Buildings, 14(3), 770. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030770
  7. Chen, L., Nath, R., & Tang, Z. (2020). Understanding the determinants of digital distraction: An automatic thinking behavior perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 104(1–11), 106195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106195
  8. Delfino, A. P. (2019). Student engagement and academic performance of students of Partido State University. Asian Journal of University Education, 15(1), n1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037103
  9. Egeberg, H., McConney, A., & Price, A. (2021). Teachers’ views on effective
  10. Filade, B. A., Bello, A. A., Fehintola, F. O., & Yusuf, B. O. (2019). Peer group influence on academic performance of undergraduate students in Babcock University, Ogun State. African Educational Research Journal, 7(2), 81-87.
  11. Fuertes, H., Evangelista Jr, I., Marcellones, I. J., & Bacatan, J. (2023). Student engagement, academic motivation, and academic performance of intermediate level students.
  12. Geiger, T., & Pivovarova, M. (2018). The effects of working conditions on teacher retention. Teachers and Teaching, 24(6), 604-625.
  13. Hess, F. M., & Eden, M. (Eds.). (2021). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA): What it means for schools, systems, and states. Harvard Education Press.
  14. Hongsuchon, T., Emary, I. M. E., Hariguna, T., & Qhal, E. M. A. (2022). Assessing the Impact of Online-Learning Effectiveness and Benefits in Knowledge Management, the Antecedent of Online-Learning Strategies and Motivations: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 14(5), 2570.
  15. Jafari, H., Aghaei, A., & Khatony, A. (2019). Relationship between study habits and academic achievement in students of medical sciences in Kermanshah-Iran. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 637-643.
  16. Jayanthi, S. V., Balakrishnan, S., Ching, A. L. S., Latiff, N. A. A., & Nasirudeen, A. M. A. (2014). Factors contributing to academic performance of students in a tertiary institution in Singapore. American Journal of Educational Research, 2(9), 752-758.
  17. Kadir, H., Atmowardoyo, H., & Salija, K. (2018). The influence of peer groups on students’ anxiety in efl Learning. ELT Worldwide, 5 (1) 78.
  18. Kapur, R. (2018). Factors influencing the students academic performance in secondary schools in India. University Of Delhi, 1(25), 575-587.
  19. Khan, A. A., & Golder, P. (2021). Factors affecting the academic performance of students: a reality of higher education level in Bangladesh. Int J Trade Commerce-IIARTC. https://doi.org/10,46333   
  20. Kim, L. E., Jörg, V., & Klassen, R. M. (2019). A meta-analysis of the effects of teacher personality on teacher effectiveness and burnout. Educational psychology review, 31, 163-195.)
  21. Kraft, M. A., & Blazar, D. (2020). The effect of teacher coaching on instruction and achievement: A meta-analysis of the causal evidence. Educational Researcher, 49(3), 211-223. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20927364
  22. Kutsyuruba, B., Klinger, D. A., & Hussain, A. (2019). The role of supportive family environments in student academic achievement: A longitudinal study of the impacts of home and school environments on student success. Journal of Family Studies, 25(3), 282-298.
  23. Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2019). Effect of parental involvement on children’s academic achievement in Chile. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1464
  24. Lazowski, R. A., & Hulleman, C. S. (2021). Motivation interventions in education: A meta-analytic review. Educational Psychology Review, 33(1), 131-161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09512-1
  25. Lei, H., Cui, Y., & Zhou, W. (2018). Relationships between student engagement and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 46(3), 517-528.)
  26. Li, H., Xiong, Y., Hunter, C. V., Guo, X., & Tywoniw, R. (2020). Does peer assessment promote student learning? A meta-analysis. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(2), 193-211.
  27. Li, Z., Qiu, Z. How does family background affect children’s educational achievement? Evidence from Contemporary China. J. Chin. Sociol. 5, 13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-018-0083-8
  28. Moldes, V. M., Biton, C. L., Gonzaga, D. J., & Moneva, J. C. (2019). Students, peer pressure and their academic performance in school. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(1), 300-312.
  29. Moldes, V. M., Biton, C. L., Gonzaga, D. J., & Moneva, J. C. (2019). Students, peer pressure and their academic performance in school. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 9(1), 300-312.
  30. Mujan, I., Anđelković, A. S., Munćan, V., Kljajić, M., & Ružić, D. (2019). Influence of indoor environmental quality on human health and productivity-A review. Journal of cleaner production, 217, 646-657.
  31. Nwamadi, L. (2022). Influence of peer pressure on secondary school students’academic performance in english language in omuma lga of rivers state. Advance journal of education and social sciences, 7(5).
  32. Oberle, E., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2019). Social and emotional learning: Recent research and practical strategies for promoting children’s SEL in schools. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(4), 455-472. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13095
  33. Opper, I. M. (2019). Teachers matter: Understanding teachers’ impact on student achievement.
  34. Ozcan, M. (2021). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Achievement according to the Teachers’ Opinion. Education Reform Journal, 6(1), 1-18.
  35. Ozer, O. & Badem, N. (2022). Student motivation and academic achievement in online EFL classes at the tertiary level. LEARN Journal: Language Education and and Acquisition Research Network, 15(1), 361-382.)
  36. Özgenel, M., & Mert, P. (2019). The role of teacher performance in school effectiveness. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches (IJETSAR).
  37. P., & E. (2025). Learning Environment in Relation to Academic Performance of Learners. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.14861954
  38. Pili, Malimono, Surigao del Norte Profile – PhilAtlas. (2022). Retrieved 26 August 2023, from https://www.philatlas.com/mindanao/caraga/surigao-del-norte/pili.html
  39. Rahmi, D. Y., & Indarti, N. (2019). The effect of knowledge stickiness and interaction on absorptive capacity: Evidence from Indonesian SMEs. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 25(5/6), 299-317.
  40. Ramberg, J., Låftman, S. B., Almquist, Y. B., & Modin, B. (2019). School effectiveness and students’ perceptions of teacher caring: A multilevel study. Improving Schools, 22(1), 55-71.
  41. Sanda, S. (2013). Influence of teacher characteristics on students’ academic achievement among senior high schools in Ogan Komering Ulu. Journal of English and Education (JEE).
  42. Sarkar, S., & Banik, M. C. (2022). Peer pressure and its impact on academic achievements of students of secondary schools. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 8104–8123.
  43. Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60, 101832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
  44. Shao, Y., Kang, S., Lu, Q., Zhang, C., & Li, R. (2024). How peer relationships affect academic achievement among junior high school students: The chain mediating roles of learning motivation and learning engagement. BMC psychology, 12(1), 278.
  45. Sheridan, L., Coleman, B., & Durksen, T. L. (2022). Important non-academic attributes in Australian initial teacher education. Australian Educational https://doi.org/10.1007/S13384-021-00443-X/METRICS 
  46. Singh, S. P., Malik, S., & Singh, P. (2016). Research paper factors affecting academic performance of students. Indian Journal of Research, 5(4), 176-178.
  47. Siraji, M.A.; Kalavally, V.; Schaefer, A.; Haque, S. Effects of Daytime Electric Light Exposure on Human Alertness and Higher Cognitive Functions: A Systematic Review. Front. Psychol. 2022, 12, 765750.
  48. Sun, R. C. F., & Shek, D. T. L. (2022). Classroom management and student engagement: Impact on academic outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 114(2), 272-285. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000674
  49. Swargiary, K., & Roy, K. Peer Pressure and Subject Selection: A Comprehensive Analysis of Influences on Higher Education Choices among Indian Students.
  50. Wolff, C. E., Jarodzka, H., & Boshuizen, H. P. (2021). Classroom management scripts: A theoretical model contrasting expert and novice teachers’ knowledge and awareness of classroom events. Educational Psychology Review, 33, 131-148.
  51. Zhou, J. (2020). A Critical Discussion of Vygotsky and Bruner’s Theory and Their Contribution to Understanding of the Way Students Learn. Review of Educational Theory, 3(4), 82-87.

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic