HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 45 no. 2 (2025)

Dancing with the Blaan: An Ethnography Study in Understanding the Maral

Allan Jay S. Cajandig | Mclin Jhon Mabalot | Melanie-chel Panerio

Discipline: Cultural Studies

 

Abstract:

The Maral Blaan dancers' dance experiences were the focus of this ethnographic investigation. It also looked at the Maral Blaan's moral principles and how they affected the dancers' emotional, social, and spiritual lives. In order to support the Regional Memorandum CLMD No. 153, s., 2021, it recommended actions for the IPED Program's implementation. Significant results of the study revealed that the Maral Blaan dancers expressed that they have happy and inspirational experiences; they inherited the skill and take pride of sharing their talents with others; however, they fear that Maral Blaan may possibly be on its verge of extinction. They also fear of being discriminated and bullied. The study was able to generalize certain emergent themes by considering the effects of the Maral Blaan's moral principles on the informants. Maral Blaan is an entertainment (rather than a form of worship) that is used to summon the presence of gods and goddesses. The social impact revealed the following themes: Maral Blaan helps people establish higher self-esteem, fosters excellent relationships, and brings people together. Maral Blaan also enhances spirituality because of its spiritual nature. The study braces the implementation of the IPED Program to support the Regional Memorandum CLMD No. 153, s. 2021.



References:

  1. Allen, M. (2017). Communication and media studies, sociology. SAGE Publications, Inc.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483381411
  2. Ampoyas, M. R. (2012). Indigenous dances: Evolution towards wellness and therapeutic dance education. Cebu Normal University. https://docplayer.net/63012370-Issn-no-proceedings-of-the.html
  3. Ayansu, E. S. (2022). Dance.  https://codepen.io/wengie/full/abBKvqg  
  4. Bhale, A., & Director, A. (2014). Tribal dances – An indigenous culture and its relevance with tribal life. Research Gate. https://bit.ly/2RUu3OR
  5. Britannica: Macropedia Knowledge in Depth. (2007). Palawan indigenous dances: Bases for integration of teaching materials for K to 12 curriculum. https://apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/APJEAS-2015-2.4.1.08.pdf   
  6. Buot, M. M. (2012). Menuvu dances of mindanao island: Its community cultural value. https://www.journalofnaturestudies.org/files/JNS191/120133_Dulce_Menuvu%20Dances%20Mindanao.pdf  
  7. Caresma, D. (2005). Recreational dance. Charisma Dance Studio. https://www.charismadancestudio. com/about
  8. Carisma, S. U. (2015). “B'laan dance......maral in b'laan language”. https://caresma.blogspot.com/2011/03/
  9. Chao, C. F. (2001). Dancing and ritualization: An ethnographic study of the social performances in Southern Okinawa, Japan (Doctoral        Dissertation). England, Department of Dance Studies School of Performing Arts University of Surrey. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/675/1/fulltext.pdf  
  10. Chatterjee, A. (2013). An analytical discussion on the folk and tribal dance forms of Bengal in relation to their effect on health. Indian Journal of Arts, 1(3). https://www.discoveryjournals.org
  11. Chatterjee, A. (2013). The therapeutic value of Indian classical, folk and innovative dance forms. https://rupkatha.com/V5/n1/07a_Indian_ Classical_Folk_Dance.pdf. Kolkata, India
  12. Citro, S., & Cerletti, A. (2009). Dancing with identities: an aboriginal dance club
  13. in a Taiwanese middle school. International Journal of Multicultural Education. https://bit.ly/3fWmEGA
  14. Cohen, R., & Kennedy, K. (2000). Global sociology. Macmillan. https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Global_Sociology.html?id=FLfAQgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y
  15. Condrad, E. (2020). Teacher training modules. https://continuummovementcomevent/events/category/teacher-training-modules/
  16. Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE. https://www.ucg.ac.me/skladiste/blog_609332/objava_105202/fajlovi/Creswell.pdf
  17. De Rond, M. (2008). Mark De Rond’s research works. https://studysagepub.com/sites/default/files/Eriksson%20and%20Kovalainen.pdf
  18. DeVito, J. A., Guerrero, L. K., & Hecht, M. L. (2008). Messages sent and eeceived through dance - UW-La crosse.  https://www.uwlax.edu/globalassets/offices-services/urc/jur-online/pdf/2005/peick.pdf
  19. Dulce, M. Z. C. (2020). Menuvu dances of Mindanao island: Its community cultural value. Journal of Nature Studies, 19 (1). https://bit.ly/3fFvYzv
  20. Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Research questions, case study research, focus groups. Discipline. https://methods.sagepub.com  /book/qualitative-methods-in-business-research
  21. Fettermann, D.  (2010). A guide to conducting ethnographic research: A review of ethnography: Step by step (3rd ed.). https://nsuworks.nova.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article= 1174&context=tqr
  22. Gabrielides, C. (2010). Fitness measures and health outcomes in youth. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241323/ 
  23. Gocuingco, L. O. (1980). Menuvu dances of mindanao island: Its community cultural value. https://www.journal ofnaturestudies.org/files/JNS19-1/120-133_Dulce_Menuvu%20Dances%20Mindanao.pdf    
  24. Gocuingco, L. O. (2020). Menuvu dances of mindanao island: Its community cultural value. Journal of Nature Studies 19(1). https://www.journalofnaturestudies.org/files/JNS19-1/120-133_Dulce_Menuvu%20Dances%20Mindanao.pdf
  25. Guide to the Philippines. (2023). Information about Tupi fruit park.  https://guidetothephilippines.ph/destinations-and-attractions/tupi-fruit-park
  26. Halprin, A. (2000). Anna Halprin experience as dance. https://masterpdf.pro/download/4730486-Anna-Halprin-Experience-As-Dance
  27. Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography in qualitative educational research: AMEE Guide No. 80. https://www.tandfonline. com/doi.full/103109/01421159X.2013.804977 
  28. Hanna, C. (2022). Dance works. https://www.danceworkschicago.org/company/hanna-brictson/
  29. Jackson, M. (2016). Best dance moves. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzpwbPocS6s  
  30. Jeffrey, E. (2015). Peace moves: Dance, identity and peacebuilding. In C. F. Stock & P. Germain-Thomas (Eds.), Contemporising the past: envisaging the future, Proceedings of the 2014 World Dance Alliance Global Summit, Angers, 6–11 July. https://ausdance.org.au
  31. Jensen, M. (2022). Solo dance.  https://www.beatsource.com 
  32. Kinoc, A. P. (2021). Datu Garot’s. The Blaan. https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-communities-and-tradi tional-arts-sccta/central-cultural-communities/the-blaans/
  33. Lederach, D. (2005). A poiesis of peace: Imagining, inventing & creating cultures of peace. The qualities of the artist for peace education. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2021.1927686
  34. Lee, J. A., Kircaburun, K., Alhabash, S., & Tosuntaş, Ş. B. (2015). Uses and gratifications of problematic social media use among university students: A simultaneous examination of the big five of personality traits, social media platforms, and social media use motives. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11469-018-9940-6
  35. Lee, Y. (2015). Dancing with the identities: An aboriginal dance club in a Taiwanese middle school. International Journal of Multicultural Education, 17(2). 20-35. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1104914.pdf 
  36. Lindberg, L., & Budnis, D. (2019). The power of dance: How dance effects mental and emotional health and self-confidence in young adults health and self-confidence in young adults. https://www.coursehero.com/file/109221095/The-Power-of-Dance-How-DanceEffects-Mental-andEmotion al-Healthpdf/  
  37. Lovatt, P. (2011). The power of dance: How dance effects mental and emotional health and self-confidence in young adults. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1192&context=theses
  38. Macionis, J. J. (2001). Sociology (8th ed.). Prentice-Hall. https://bit.ly/3iaJ1e7
  39. McCann, C. (2015). Dancer: A novel (picador modern classics). https://www.amazon.com/Dancer-Novel-Picador-Modern-Classics/dp/1250051797 
  40. Menon, I. (2015, July 29-30). Ritual and reality in the culture of adiya tribe. International Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Phuket, Thailand. http://icehm.org/upload/3374ED715040.pdf 
  41. Muro, A., & Artero, N. (2016). Shall we dance? Recreational dance, well-being and productivity performance during COVID-19: A three-country study. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1069031X221079609?icid=int.sj-abstract. Citing-articles.2
  42. Novascotia. (2022). Dancers. https://explorecareers.novascotia.ca/occupation/219 
  43. Ortiz, E. J. L., Relampagos, F. J., Pejana, J. R. S., Siarot, S. M., Tolo, N. A. S., Melchor, R. S., & Inocian, R. B. (2017). The transition of sinulog dance festival in the face of modernization. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/THE-TRANSITION-OF-SINULOG-DANCE-FESTIVAL-INTHE-OF-Ortiz-Relampagos/0d1ba4f826158cf7488fd56b7e6cf67f8 6132155  
  44. Pavitra, K., & Shubrata, K. (2017). Dancing mind - promoting mental health through the medium of movement.  https://www.proquest.com/docview/1517004017  
  45. Payne, H. (2015). The effects of dance movement therapy in the treatment of depression: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial in Finland. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.202001687/full 
  46. Perez, D., & Dela Rosa, L. (2015). Palawan indigenous dances: Bases for integration of teaching materials for k to 12 curriculum. Western Philippines University, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines. https://www.academia.edu/31190702/Palawan_Indigenous_Dances_Bases_for_Integration_of_Teaching_Materials_for_K_to_12_Curriculum
  47. Perkins, D. (2011). An introduction to community psychology. https://my.vanderbilt.edu/perkins/2011/09/intro-to-communitypsychology/
  48. Prescott, Francis J. (2011).  Validating a Long Qualitative Interview Schedule. https://doi.org/10.61425/wplp.2011.05.16.38
  49. Prudential. (2023). 10 benefits of dancing. https://www. prudential.co.th/corp/prudential-th/en/we-do-pulse/health-wellness/10-health-benefits-of-dancing/
  50. Rall, M. (2009). Dance – health benefits.  https://www.better health.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/dance-health-benefits
  51. Rama, R. B. (1991). Glimpses into Telugu folklore, Janapada Vijnana Prachuranala, Hyderabad. https://bit.ly /2TBIyYc
  52. Reeves. S. (2013). Ethnography in qualitative educational research: AMEE Guide. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2013.804977  
  53. Regional Memorandum CLMD No. 153, s. 2021. Establishment of cultural heritage leaning centers (CHLC) in school implementation IPED program. Department of Education. https://depedsouthcotabato.org/region-memorandum-clmd-153-establishment-of-a-cultural-heritag e-learning-center-chlc-in-schools-implementing-iped-program/
  54. Rogers, C. (1954). Towards a theory of creativity. JSTOR, 11 (4). 249-260. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42581167
  55. Rosen, L. M. (2000). Ethnographic research. https://study.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/Eriksson%20and%20Kovalainen.pdf 
  56. Schirch, L. (2005). Peace moves: dance, identity and peacebuilding.  https://ausdance.org.au/articles/details/peace-moves-dance-identity-and-peacebuilding/  
  57. Shank, M., & Schrich, L. (2008). Strategic arts-based peacebuilding. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249487413_Strategic_Arts-Based_Peacebuilding
  58. Shikanaia, N., & Hachimurab, H. (2014). International workshop on innovations in information and communication science and technology. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82471905.pdf
  59. Sidky, H.  (2004). Effects of dance interventions on aspects of the participants' self: A systematic review. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01130/full 
  60. Singh, V. (1995). A mapping stature regarding problems and its associated factors of tribal communities of Jharkland. International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies, 2(6). 155-160. https://oaji.net/articles/2016/1115-1464936457.pdf 
  61. Sklar, N. (2001). Peace moves: dance, identity and peacebuilding. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331528500_Dancing_ Positive_Peace
  62. Sun, K. (2010). Dancing with ethnic identities: An aboriginal dance club in a Taiwanese Middle School. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1104914.pdf
  63. Torneo, C., & Torneo, A. (2017). An introduction to qualitative research practical research. Sibs Publishing House, Inc.
  64. Watkins, L., Checkland, J., & McDonals, A. M. (2020). How can we use ethnography to study the work of cultural producers? https://creative-capacity.com/2016/10/19ethnography-paper/
  65. Watson, K. A. (1994). Ethnography research.  https://study.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/Eriksson%20and%20Kovalainen.pdf
  66. World Health Organization. (2018). Dance for health.  https://iadms.org/resources/dance-for-health/.
  67. Zhang, H. (2021). Cultural extinction in evolutionary perspective. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/evolutionary-humansciences/article/cultural-extinction-in-evolutionaryperspective/035F093515E2A 445FCA0D78DA542075B