Teacher’s Ancillary Task Unloading and Commitment to Teaching and Learning
Rhanney Fay Villarias | Angelina Cacharo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
Most teachers in Pangantucan South District were aged between 31 and 40, followed by those aged 20 to 30, indicating
a predominantly young to mid-career workforce. The majority were female, reflecting common gender trends in
education. In terms of experience, many had around nine to eleven years of teaching, showing a well-established
teaching force. Most teachers hold a bachelor's degree in Elementary Education, emphasizing primary-level
instruction. Regarding specialization, the majority focused on Primary Education, with Mathematics, English, and
Filipino having the highest representation among subject-specific areas. This suggested a strong emphasis on
foundational education in the district. The study found that teachers in Pangantucan South District strongly agreed on
the need to unload ancillary tasks to enhance their focus on teaching. Administrative tasks and committee work were
seen as burdensome, with teachers emphasizing that reducing these duties would improve instructional focus.
Similarly, professional development was hindered by workload, though teachers believed that offloading tasks would
allow greater participation. For mentoring, teachers acknowledged the workload but felt somewhat supported by their
administration. Professional service was viewed as time-consuming, though teachers agreed it held value. Overall,
teachers demonstrated high commitment to teaching, with the strongest agreement on enthusiasm for their profession.
The study found a significant negative relationship between age and years of teaching experience with teacher
commitment, suggesting that as teachers grew older and gained more experience, their commitment to teaching may
have slightly declined. Factors such as burnout or changing priorities could have contributed to this trend. On the other
hand, gender showed no significant relationship with teacher commitment, indicating that gender did not influence
dedication to teaching and learning. The study also revealed a significant positive relationship between ancillary task
unloading and teacher commitment. Reducing administrative tasks, committee work, professional development, and
mentoring enhanced commitment. However, professional service showed no significant impact.
References:
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
- Biddle, B. J. (1986). Recent developments in Role Theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 12(1), 67–92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.12.080186.000435
- Blase, J., & Blase, J. (1999). Principals’ instructional leadership and teacher development: Teachers’ perspectives. Educational Administration Quarterly, 35(3), 349–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X99353003
- Blase, J., & Blase, J. (2015). Developing a school culture that promotes collaboration: The role of the principal. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 18(2), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2014.94166
- Burch, P., & Spillane, J. P. (2016). Leading in an era of accountability: Teachers’ perceptions of district support for improving teaching. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 271-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X16642727
- Carrington, B., Tymms, P., & Merrell, C. (2016). The impact of teacher gender on student learning: A review of the literature. Educational Research, 58(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2015.1133361
- Collie, R. J., Shapka, J. D., & Perry, N. E. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of workplace conditions and their commitment to teaching: A structural equation model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 88-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.003
- Day, C., & Qing, G. (2009). Teacher emotions: Well-being and effectiveness. In P. A. Schutz & M. Zembylas (Eds.), Advances in teacher emotion research (pp. 15–32). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9748-6_2
- Fathi, J., Hossain, M. S., & Iqbal, M. M. (2020). The role of teacher commitment in shaping student achievement: The mediating effect of teacher-student relationships. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v9n2p1
- Goode, W. J. (1960). A theory of role strain. American Sociological Review, 25(4), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.2307/2092933
- Gooren, H. H., Korpershoek, H., & van der Werf, G. (2019). The impact of teacher commitment on student behavior and academic outcomes: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 100, 101502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2019.101502
- Gordon, S. P. (2017). The impact of role conflict on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Research Quarterly, 40(2), 37-56.
- Grissom, J. A., Loeb, S., & Master, B. (2013). Effective school leadership: A strategic approach to the problem of improving teacher quality. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 21(9). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n9.2013
- Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.
- Hughes, J. N. (2015). The role of teacher experience in student achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 27(2), 293-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9305-z
- Ingersoll, R. M. (2014). How teachers’ working conditions affect student achievement. Educational Leadership, 71(5), 16-22.
- Ingersoll, R. M., & Strong, M. (2011). The impact of induction and mentoring programs for beginning teachers: A critical review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 81(2), 201-233. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311403323
- Johnson, S. M., & Birkeland, S. E. (2016). Pursuing a sense of success: New teachers explain their career decisions. American Educational Research Journal, 53(4), 1001-1038. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216653578
- Kim, S. W., & Yang, H. (2017). The role of teacher commitment in promoting student engagement and academic achievement. Educational Studies, 43(3), 272-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2016.1233082
- Ladd, H. F. (2011). Teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions: How predictive of teacher turnover? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(4), 435-467. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373711422421
- Lee, J. H., Lee, J. S., & Park, S. (2016). The effects of teacher commitment on student achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 28(2), 279-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9328-6
- MacBeath, J., & Mohr, K. A. J. (2013). School leadership in a global context: New directions for educational leadership. Routledge.
- Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
- Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
- Pope, R. M., & Simon, T. (2015). Exploring the relationship between teacher age and technology integration in the classroom. TechTrends, 59(4), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-015-0852-0
- Sari, S. R., Kurniawan, M., & Santosa, I. (2019). The impact of teacher workload on job satisfaction and teacher commitment. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(4), 654-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-03-2018-0092
- Scholarios, D., & Marks, A. (2004). Work-life balance and the software worker. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(2), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2004.tb00120.x
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Teacher self-efficacy and teacher burnout: A study of relations. Social Psychology of Education, 20(2), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-016-9363-0
- Sullivan, A., & McIntyre, D. (2014). Male teachers: A disappearing breed? Education Research and Perspectives, 41, 51-70.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(7), 783-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1.
- Tschannen-Moran, M., & Woolfolk Hoy, A. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy scale. In P. A. Schutz & M. Zembylas (Eds.), Advances in teacher emotion research (pp. 119-136). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3163-1_7