DNALAN DI KATDU: Teaching Strategies of Cebuano Teachers in IPed Implementing Schools
Montesa Diamoda | Joseph Baluya
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This phenomenological study aimed to explore and understand the teaching strategies of ten (10) Cebuano teachers
from Kindergarten to Grade 3 in Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) Implementing Schools in the District of Alabel
1, as well as how these strategies influenced their motivation to teach. Through in-depth interviews and thematic
analysis, the following themes emerged: the use of instructional materials, the application of appropriate teaching
strategies, and consulting with language experts. Findings revealed that these approaches positively affected the
teachers' motivation, inspiring them to become more creative, determined, and enthusiastic in their teaching. The study
also highlights the importance of the Blaan language as the primary medium of communication and learning among
students, emphasizing the need for continuous training for Cebuano teachers. As a general recommendation, the study
underscores the importance of providing training, professional development, and support from the government and
the community to strengthen the competence of Cebuano teachers further and ensure quality and inclusive education
for indigenous learners.
References:
- Abobo, C. M., Dela Rosa, S., Fabul, C. M., Gutierrez, M., Marcelo, K. N., & Pequero, J. (2021). Epekto ng Paggamit ng Unang Wika (mother tongue) sa Baitang 1-3 sa Primaryang Edukasyon. In Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig.
- Abrea, A. C., Ortua, E. C. L., & Robles, R. L. (2020). Experiences of teachers teaching grade 4 pupils with Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE): inputs to policy development and teacher training for MTB-MLE. https://po.pnuresearchportal.org/ejournal/index.php/apherj/article/view/1544
- Acebes, L. C., Achas, R. R., Bulanadi, V. R., Dacillo, A. A., & Pulvira, C. M. L. (2024). Estratehiya Sa Pagtuturo Ng Asignaturang Filipino Ng Mga Piling Guro Sa Senior High School Sa Panuruang Taon 2022-2023. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(2). Retrieved from https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/13486
- Amparo, J. (2020). Experience in the Implementation of the Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education (MTBMLE) in Iloilo City. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=15177
- Ashman, G (2020). The Power of Explicit Teaching and Direct Instruction SAGE Publisher ISBN 15297561197, 9781529756197
- Augusto Jr, W. S. (2020). A phenomenological study on the lived experience of the out-of-field mentors. International Journal of Advanced Research and Publications,3(6)
- Bacalla, L. (2021). Pagtataya Ng MTB-MLE : Tugon Sa Pagpapaunlad Ng Implementasyon Ng K To 12 Kurikulum. www.academia.edu.https://www.academia.edu/57396635/
- Bannag, A. (2020) Ambahan of The Akeanon Bukidnon. https://www.Academia.Edu/38657511/
- Bardaje, J. F., Bolibol, R. A., Castillo, E. G. R., Daayan, P. J., & Nacional, J. M. (2024). Epekto ng Virtual Class Academic Performance ng mga Mag-Aaral ng BSED Filipino sa Bestlink College of the Philippines: Tungo sa Isang Gabay: Vol.3, No.1C. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1C). Retrieved from https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/13072
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Can I use TA? Should I use TA? Should I not use TA? Comparing reflexive thematic analysis and other patternābased qualitative analytic approaches. Counselling and psychotherapy research, 21(1), 37-47.
- Brown, P. (2020). The Role of Teaching Aids in Effective Learning. Educational Review Journal, 45(2), 78-92.
- Bustamante, J. L., Gapas, C. J. E., Mando, Y. K., Onting, D. A., & Sallador, T. M. (2022). Mga Pamamaraan sa Pagtuturo ng Panitikan ng mga Dalubguro sa Filipino sa Bestlink College of the Philippines: Isang Pagsusuri: Vol.3, No.1C. https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/13 091
- Cansino, J. a. S., Maulad, R. U., Magbata, S. M., Alvarez, D. J. E., Excija, Z. O., & Kuwih, J. A. (2022). Teachers’ Experiences in the Implementation of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education in Indigenous People Learner Dominated School in Southern Palawan, Philippines. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v32i230766
- Chan, J., Limoncito, A. & Pereda, Z. P. (2021). Salik na Nakakaapekto sa Paraan ng Pagtuturo ng mga Guro ng Asignaturang Filipino Ngayong Panahon ng Pandemya sa mga Piling Mataas na Paaralan sa Dibisyon ng Cabuyao. Dangal Research Journal, 3(1), 213-219.
- CLAFI (2020). Tnanin liblu gugatek dad talu Blaan (Ang unang diksyunaryong Blaan). Conrado & Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation, Inc.
- Conrado & Ladislawa Alcantara (2022). Flalok Project - Conrado and Ladislawa Alcantara Foundation. https://clafi.org/our-work/flalok-project
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell Ba’ez, J. (2021). 30 Essential skills for the qualitative researcher (2nd ed.). Sage
- Cruz, M. (2022). The impact of instructional materials on teacher confidence and effectiveness. Journal of Educational Strategies, 15(3), 78-95.
- Daza, J. & La Consolacion University Philippines. (2021). Kaantasan ng Pagkatuto ng mga Mag-aaral sa Asignaturang Filipino Tugon sa Makabagong Estratehiya sa Pagtuturo ng Wika at Panitikan sa Panahon ng Pandemya. La Consolacion University Philippines. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356893311
- De Guzman, J. A., & Abagon, B. S. (2021). Kakayahan ng mga guro sa pagtuturo at pagkatuto ng mga mag-aaral sa asignaturang Filipino ng senior high school. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5(10), 125–137.
- De Mesa, A. (2022). Mga karanasan ng mga guro sa baitang 3 sa pagtuturo ng mother tongue gamit ang Ortograpiyang Waray ng Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino. www.academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/81272264/
- Del Rosario, V. (2020). Cultural factors influencing teaching practices in the Philippines. Journal of Education and Culture, 25(2), 45-62.
- Dela Cruz, J. M. (2020). Epekto ng suporta ng magulang sa motibasyon ng guro sa pagtuturo. ABC Publishing.
- Dela Cruz, M. A., & Reyes, J. P. (2021). Pagpapalalim ng lokal na wika sa pagtuturo: Isang pag-aaral sa kontekstwal at awtentikong materyales sa klase. Journal of Philippine Language Education, 5(2), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/jple.2021.05.02
- DepEd Orde 43 s. 2013 Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act No. 10533 Otherwise Known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013
- Deped Order 74 s. 2009 Institutionalizing Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education (MLE)
- Deped Order No 50, s. 2016 – Hiring Guidelines for Teacher I Position in Schools Implementing Indigenous Peoples Education Effective School Year 2016-2017
- DepEd Order No. 16. (2012). Guidelines on the Implementation of the Mother Tongue-Based- Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE).
- Deped Order No. 62 s 2011 Adopting the National Indigenous People (IP) Education Policy Framework
- Dionisio, M. (2021). Malikhaing Pamamaraan ng Pagtuturo sa klasrum pangwika at panitikan sa Panahon ng Pandemya. Research Gate. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
- DO 42, s. 2017 – National Adoption and Implementation of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
- Dominguez, D. K. (2022). Ang Paggamit ng Wikang Filipino sa Pagtuturo sa Larang ng Agrikultura. http://portal.bsu.edu.ph:8083/index.php/BRJ/article/view/312
- Fajinmi, J., & Oloyede, J. (2025). Profiling Indigenous Cultural Preservation Efforts of the Blaan Tribe in Kiblawan, Philippines. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202501.1135.v1
- Felonia, M. (2021). Mga Pamamaraan at Kagamitan sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino sa Panahon ng Pandemya. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353543257
- Flagne, M. (2020). Mother Tongue Based-Multilingual Education (MTB-MLE): Saloobin at Kabisaan ng Pagtuturo. Journ. Retrieved January 31, 2025, from https://www.academia.edu/40931327/
- Garcia, A. (2020). The impact of teaching experiences on student learning outcomes. International Journal of Education Research, 40(3), 321-335. Gatchalian, W. (2020). Support for parents needed in “new normal education”. https://wingatchalian.com/news/support-for-parents-needed-in-new-normal-education/
- Gay, G. (2020). Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, Research, and Practice. Teachers College Press.
- Gloria, A. & La Consolacion University Philippines. (2021). Mga Pamamaraan bilang Epektibong Pagbibigay-kaalaman ng mga Guro ng Filipino [Journal-article]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356960898
- Graham, S., Harris, K. R., & Santangelo, T. (2020). The effects of explicit instruction on student motivation and self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 497-512
- Henderson, James G. (1996). “Positioned Reflective Practice: A Curriculum Discussion”, Journal of Teacher Education, (March-April1989), 10-14. Retrieved on September 5, 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304119354
- Hipolito, M. F. G. (2022). Stories of Prevailing: Novice Teachers’ Journey in Far-flung Schools in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.01.02
- Huevos, M., & Marbella, F. (2020). Laro: Isang estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng numeracy. International Journal of Research, 8(4), 47-53
- Jansen, D. (2023). What (Exactly) Is Thematic Analysis? Grad Coach. https://gradcoach.com/what-is-thematic-analysis/
- Javier, J. & Bulacan State University. (2021). Makabagong pamamaraan ng pagtuturo ng Filipino sa bagong Kadawyan. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356961725
- Javilla, M. A., & Fabella, F. E. (2020). Lived-Experiences of mobile teachers in remote schools in Antipolo City. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3516399
- Johari, N. S. B., Saad, N., & Kasim, M. (2022). Teacher collaboration: Significant influence on self-efficacy of secondary school teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(4), 1873. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i4.22921
- Johnson, L. L., & Johnson, S. M. (2020). School culture and its impact on teacher satisfaction and retention. Journal of Educational Administration, 57(2), 175-189
- Kelchner, L. (2020). Tasks and Responsibilities of Elementary School Teachers.https://work.chron.com/tasks-responsibilities-elementary-school-teachers3868.html. Retrieved on July 01, 2018
- Khun-Inkeeree, H., Yusof, M. R., Maruf, I. R., Mat, T. R. T., & Sofian, F. N. R. M. (2022). Enhancing School Effectiveness by Implementing Identified and Intrinsic Motivation Among Primary School Teachers. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.852378
- Kumari, J., & Kumar, J. P. S. (2023). Influence of motivation on teachers’ job performance. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01662-6
- Largo R. C. (2020) Salik Sa Pagtuturo Ng L1 (Katutubong Wika) At L2 (Wikang Filipino). https://www.academia.edu/43057029/
- Mendoza, E. M., et.al (2023). Coping Mechanisms and Teachers’ Innovative Practices in Distance Learning: Challenges and Difficulties for the Modular Teaching and Learning Approach. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research); European Organization for Nuclear Research. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7529770
- Mercer, S., & Gregersen, T. (2020). Teacher well-being. Oxford University Press.
- Moran, M. (2021). What is Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research? Statistics Solutions. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/what-is-trustworthiness-in-qualitative-research/
- Morin, A. (2024). How to break down communication barriers between teachers and families. Understood. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/how-to-break-down-communication-barriers-between-teachers-and-families41
- Noval, A. T. (2021). Ang Guro bilang Frontliner: Karanasan ng mga Guro sa Filipino sa Panahon ng Pandemya. The Normal Lights. https://doi.org/10.56278/tnl.v15i2.1848
- Orale, R., & Quejada, A. B. (2020). Lived Experiences of Elementary Teachers in a Remote School in Samar, Philippines. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327232303
- Pacaña, B. R. (2024). The mediating effect of parental involvement on the relationship between teacher support and student motivation in learning science. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(3), 1245–1262. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.803084S
- Paz, R. (2020). Elementary Education Programs Teachers and MTB MLE Implementation in the Philippines. People: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 1642–1663. https://Doi.Org/10.20319/Pijss.2018.42.16421663
- Philippines - Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (R.A No. 10533)
- Piaget, J. (1980). The psychogenesis of knowledge and its epistemological significance. In M.Piatelli-Palmarini (Ed.), Language and learning (pp. 23-34). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
- Republic Act No. 10533 An Act Enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System by Strengthening Its Curriculum and Increasing the Number of Years for Basic Education, Appropriating Funds Therefor and for other Purposes
- Rivera, M. & La Consolacion University Philippines. (2021). Mga Pamamaraan at Kagamitan sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino sa Panahon ng Pandemya. La Consolacion University Philippines.
- Rulona, E. M. P., Geronimo, Q. C, Misamis University, Compo, S. C. D., Dabalos, L. J. C., & Centino, L. B. (2024). Karanasan ng mga Gen Z na Guro sa Pagtuturo ng Asignaturang Filipino. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5953-9724
- San Buenaventura, I. V. La Consolacion University Philippines. (2021). Mga Pamamaraan at Kagamitan sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino sa Panahon ng Pandemya. In La Consolacion University Philippines [Article]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353378548
- Suriagiri, S., Akrim, A., & Norhapizah, N. (2022). The influence of school principal supervision, motivation, and work satisfaction on teachers’ performance. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v17i7.7684
- Valcheva, S. (2021). Qualitative Data Analysis Methods and Techniques. Blog for Data-Driven Business. https://www.intellspot.com/qualitative-data-analysis-methods/
- Villanueva, A., Tipon, F. K., Baluyot, M. K., & Lloyd, K. (2021). The Self- Efficacy and Its Relationship on the Academic Motivation of Senior High School Students from Public Schools Amidst the New Normal Education in the Philippines. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 7(3), 2021. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14813397.v2R
- Villanueva, L. (2020). Development and validation of contextualized reading test material for senior high school students. Ascenders Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3(2B), 1–10
- Vizmanos, R. G. & La Consolacion University Philippines. (2021). Mga Pamamaraan at Kagamitan sa Pagtuturo ng Filipino sa Panahon ng Pandemya https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353658954