HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 33 no. 5 (2025)

The Effectiveness of the 13-week Modern Arnis Training Exposure on Push-up Performance

Erlouise Vargas | Mikho Harley Catiil | Juhnna Mae Balay | Ramonito Dayday Jr | Mary Kathlyn Nagales | Karl Sucalit

Discipline: sport and exercise sciences

 

Abstract:

Push-up performance is an important predictor of upper-body muscle strength and endurance. However, pre-test results showed that a sizable proportion of Grade 11 students at Xavier University - Senior High School fared badly, raising concerns about their muscle fitness and overall health. The purpose of this study was to look into how a 13-week Modern Arnis training program affected push-up performance. The study comprised 1,000 Grade 11 students who underwent Modern Arnis instruction as part of their curriculum, and it employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest action research technique. Push-up repetitions were counted before and after fitness assessments to track development. The findings demonstrated a significant improvement in push-up ability after training, indicating the potential of martial arts-based therapies to improve physical fitness. However, limitations such as self-reporting accuracy and improper execution of movements may affect assessment reliability. Future studies should explore strategies to enhance data validity and investigate additional benefits of Modern Arnis training on overall health and fitness.



References:

  1. Aandstad, A. (2021). Relationship between self‐reported and objectively measured physical fitness in young men and women. European Journal of Sport Science, 23(2), 301–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.2012597
  2. Abu Talip, N. K., Bonnie, E., Ismail, Z., & Md Razali, M. R. (2021). COMPARISON OF LOW-LOAD BENCH PRESS AND PUSH-UP EXERCISES ON MUSCULAR PERFORMANCE AMONG FEMALE YOUTH. Malaysian Journal of Movement, Health & Exercise, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.15282/mohe.v10i1.494
  3. Acharya, A., & Mohanty, P. K. (2019). Action research. In Qualitative techniques for workplace data analysis (pp. 221–245). IGI Global.
  4. Alves, R. C., Enes, A., Follador, L., Prestes, J., & da Silva, S. G. (2022). Effect of Different Training Programs at Self-Selected Intensity on Body Composition, Perceptual Responses and Fitness Outcomes in Obese Women. International Journal of Exercise Science, 15(4), 373.
  5. Amara, S., Chortane, O. G., Negra, Y., Hammami, R., Khalifa, R., Chortane, S. G., & van den Tillaar, R. (2021). Relationship between Swimming Performance, Biomechanical Variables and the Calculated Predicted 1-RM Push-up in Competitive Swimmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111395
  6. Artanayasa, I. W., Kusuma, K. C. A., & Ariawan, K. U. (2023). Push-Up Counter (PUC) as an instrument of arm muscle strength: Validity and reliability. Journal Sport Area, 8(3), 350–359. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(3).13245
  7. Azeez, S. R., & Majeed, W. K. (2022). Muscular strength training and its effect on strength endurance and speed in wheelchair tennis players. SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias Del Deporte, 53. https://doi.org/10.6018/sportk.526731
  8. Baechle, T. R., & Earle, R. W. (2008). Essentials of strength training and conditioning. Human kinetics.
  9. Baek, S., Park, J.-B., Choi, S.-H., Lee, J.-D., & Nam, S.-S. (2021). Effects of Taekwondo Training on Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11550. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111550
  10. Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J.-P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
  11. Cresswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitaive, and mixed methods approaches (Fourth Edi).
  12. Cruz, A. B., Cando, J. M., & Kim, H.-D. (2022). Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and health states of university students during the first wave of COVID-19 community quarantine in the Philippines. Frontiers in Education, 7.
  13. DeBlauw, J. A., Drake, N. B., Kurtz, B. K., Crawford, D. A., Carper, M. J., Wakeman, A., & Heinrich, K. M. (2021). High-Intensity Functional Training Guided by Individualized Heart Rate Variability Results in Similar Health and Fitness Improvements as Predetermined Training with Less Effort. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(4), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040102
  14. Dhar, D. K., & Purwar, B. (2023). Effect of Body Fat and BMI on Muscle Strength and Endurance in Young Adults: A Cross-sectional Study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2023/63970.18568
  15. Endab, J. P., Mondelo, R. B., & Vargas, E. (2024). International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews Basic Alternatives in Developing Needed Endurance ( B . A . D . N . E ) to Improve High School Student ’ s Push -up Performance in Fitness Gram Test. 5, 3345–3349.
  16. Fernández‐Sanjurjo, M., Úbeda, N., Fernández‐García, B., del Valle, M., Ramírez de Molina, A., Crespo, M. C., Martín‐Hernández, R., Casas‐Agustench, P., Martínez‐Camblor, P., de Gonzalo‐Calvo, D., Díez‐Robles, S., García‐González, Á., Montero, A., González‐González, F., Rabadán, M., Díaz‐Martínez, Á. E., Whitham, M., Iglesias‐Gutiérrez, E., & Dávalos, A. (2020). Exercise dose affects the circulating microRNA profile in response to acute endurance exercise in male amateur runners. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(10), 1896–1907. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13759
  17. Fredrick, R. N., & Silverman, S. (2020). Relationship between Urban Middle School Physical Education Teachers’ Attitudes toward Fitness Testing and Student Performance on Fitness Tests. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 24(4), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2020.1815024
  18. Goud, K., Basireddy, A., J, G., & A, C. (2023). A comparative study of muscle strength and muscle endurance in strength trained and untrained human beings. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 13(8), 1. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2023.13.09445202204012022
  19. Ibáñez, S. J., Piñar, M. I., García, D., & Mancha-Triguero, D. (2023). Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Performance during Competition in Professional Women’s Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 988. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020988
  20. Invernizzi, P. L., Signorini, G., Bosio, A., Raiola, G., & Scurati, R. (2020). Validity and Reliability of Self-Perception-Based Submaximal Fitness Tests in Young Adult Females: An Educational Perspective. Sustainability, 12(6), 2265. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062265
  21. John Protzko, Nijenhuis, J. te, Ziada, K. E., Metwaly, H. A. M., & Bakhiet, S. F. (2017). What to do Without a Control Group: You have to go latent, but not all latents are equa. Вестник Росздравнадзора, 4(1), 9–15.
  22. Kasović, M., Štefan, L., & Zvonar, M. (2020). Self-Reported vs Measured Physical Fitness in Older Women. Clinical Interventions in Aging, Volume 15, 425–430. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S240156
  23. Latpate, R., Kshirsagar, J., Kumar Gupta, V., & Chandra, G. (2021). Simple Random Sampling. In Advanced Sampling Methods (pp. 11–35). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0622-9_2
  24. Lipardo, D., Manlapaz, D., Orpilla, V., Arevalo, J. T., Buan, J. C., Cortez, J. L., Desquitado, K. P., Geli, V. M., Lacorte, J. R., Masibay, J., Sanchez, C. J., & Villanueva, A. D. (2022). Arnis-based Exercise Program for Balance Control in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy, 1(3), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.46409/002.JEGQ6438
  25. Lithopoulos, A., Grant, S. J., Williams, D. M., & Rhodes, R. E. (2020). Experimental comparison of physical activity self-efficacy measurement: Do vignettes reduce motivational confounding? Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 47, 101642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.101642
  26. Marquina Nieto, M., Rivilla-García, J., de la Rubia, A., & Lorenzo-Calvo, J. (2022). Assessment of the Speed and Power of Push-Ups Performed on Surfaces with Different Degrees of Instability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113739
  27. McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2010). Exercise physiology: nutrition, energy, and human performance. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  28. Nazilah, N., Aryanti, S., & Victorian, A. R. (2023). Push Up Exercise Against 50 Meter Swimming Speed Breaststroke. Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 7(3), 660–672. https://doi.org/10.33369/jk.v7i3.29979
  29. Pacholek, M. (2021). The Effects of Various Stimuli on Motivation and Physical Fitness of Physically Active and Non-Active Students. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 9(4), 0–0. https://doi.org/10.52547/aassjournal.954
  30. Revised Physical Fitness Test Manual, (2019). https://www.deped.gov.ph/2019/12/09/december-9-2019-do-034-s-2019-revised-physical-fitness-test-manual/
  31. Riebe, D., Ehrman, J. K., Liguori, G., & Magal, M. (2018). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Wolters Kluwer.
  32. Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Yáñez-García, J. M., Sánchez-Medina, L., Mora-Custodio, R., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2020). Relationship Between Velocity Loss and Repetitions in Reserve in the Bench Press and Back Squat Exercises. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(9), 2537–2547. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002881
  33. Rozenek, R., Byrne, J. J., Crussemeyer, J., & Garhammer, J. (2022). Male-Female Differences in Push-up Test Performance at Various Cadences. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(12), 3324–3329. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004091
  34. Sanchez, D. T., Peconcillo, L. B., Wong, R. L., Panzo, R. C., Flores, M. C. A., Labrado, O. A., & Godinez, J. A. T. (2020). Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Young Arnisadors: The Curricular and Co-Curricular Challenges. Solid State Technology, 63(4). https://doi.org/10.35877/jsst.v63.i2s.4114
  35. Subrata, T., Ni Wayan Rusni, & I Nyoman Arie Purwana. (2022). Comparison of Push-Up Exercise Methods on Push-Up Test Ability in Medical Students at Warmadewa University. WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal), 7(1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.22225/wmj.7.1.4605.40-46
  36. Wang, X., Soh, K. G., Samsudin, S., Deng, N., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., & Akbar, S. (2023). Effects of high-intensity functional training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance among the athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 18(12), e0295531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295531
  37. Ward, P., Chey, W. S., & Cho, K. (2023). Evaluating the Content Knowledge of Preservice Physical Education Teachers. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 42(2), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2021-0291
  38. Xu, G. (2023). Effectiveness of English as A Medium of Instruction in Physical Education. Journal of Education and Educational Research, 3(2), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v3i2.9305
  39. Yu, G., & Song, Y. (2022). What affects sports participation and life satisfaction among urban residents? The role of self-efficacy and motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 884953.