Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 34 no. 6 (2026)

Teachers’ Teaching Skills and the Research Proficiency of Grade 12 Students at a Private Catholic School in Davao City

Kirk Sario | Nico Dave Acojedo | Fyrby Chio | Ethan Hudson James Cruzada | Raizza Renee Depillo | Georgina Henares | Emmanuel Templa

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study investigates the relationship between teachers’ perceived teaching skills and the research proficiency of Grade 12 students at St. Peter’s College of Toril, Inc. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design and complete sampling, 94 students were surveyed with a validated instrument. Findings show that students generally rate their teachers’ skills positively (M = 4.13), with teaching methodologies (M = 4.16) and organization (M = 4.15) scoring highest, while subject mastery (M = 4.07) rated slightly lower. Students also exhibit strong research proficiency (M = 3.85), excelling in problem identification (M = 3.90) and research planning (M = 3.87) but struggling with data collection (M = 3.67). Correlation and regression analyses reveal a strong positive relationship between teaching skills and research proficiency (Multiple R = 0.909, R² = 0.827, B = 1.042, p < 0.05), indicating that 82.7% of the variance in research proficiency is linked to teaching quality. These findings highlight the critical role of teacher competencies in research skill development. The study recommends continuous teacher training in instructional strategies for research and targeted student workshops to address research challenges, particularly in data collection, fostering a research-intensive learning environment.



References:

  1. Ai, R. (2008). Inquiry-based learning. Queen’s University Centre for Teaching and Learning. https://www.queensu.ca/ctl/resources/instructional-strategies/inquiry-based-learning
  2. Alghamdi, A. K. H., & Deraney, P. (2018). Teaching research skills to undergraduate students using an active learning approach: A proposed model for preparatory-year students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 30(2), 184–194. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1185082.pdf
  3. Ali, M., Chachar, Z., & Bachal, S. (2023). An overview of the influence of teachers’ subject matter knowledge on students’ academic achievement. Academic Research International, 3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374556329_AN_OVERVIEW_OF_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_TEACHERS_SUBJECT_MATTER_KNOWLEDGE_ON_STUDENTS'_ACADEMIC_ACHIEVEMENT
  4. Almonicar, C. D., Jr. (2022, December 28). Research capability of teachers in public secondary schools in the province of Masbate, Philippines: Basis for enhancement program. Scimatic Journal, 6, 629–636. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7497799
  5. Anub, C. D. (2020). Senior high school teachers’ research competence and satisfaction with facilities and resources. International Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS), 2(3). https://www.ijels.one
  6. Ariella, S. (2023, July 27). The most important research skills (with examples). Zippia: The Career Expert. https://www.zippia.com/advice/research-skills/
  7. Atibuni, D. Z., Olema, D. K., Ssenyonga, J., & Kibanja, G. M. (2019). Enhancing work-life balance and research engagement among students in higher education institutions. In Handbook of research on promoting higher-order skills and global competencies in life and work (pp. 18). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6331-0.ch010
  8. Baker, J. (2024, July 16). 12 best teaching methods that every educator should know. SplashLearn. https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/teaching-methods/
  9. Balsara, K., Wadhwa, K., & Smolensky, E. (2023). How do you guide learners to improve research skills? LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/advice/0/how-do-you-guide-learners-improve-research-skills-skills-research
  10. Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 248–287. https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=isalt_resources
  11. Bevans, R. (2020, February 19). Simple linear regression: An easy introduction & examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/simple-linear-regression/
  12. Bhandari, P. (2023, June 21). Data collection | Definition, methods & examples. Scribbr. Retrieved September 16, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/data-collection/
  13. Birt, J. (2024, August 16). What are research skills? Definition, examples and tips. Indeed. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/research-skills
  14. Bongabong, L. (2022, January 26). Pampering descriptive-correlational research design. Medium. https://medium.com/@bongabonglester867/pampering-descriptive-correlational-research-design-a9b9e98f1a28
  15. Brennan, M. (2022, April 26). Teachers and students as researchers: Rebuilding curriculum inquiry for the future. Curriculum Perspectives, 42(1), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-022-00159-7
  16. Brodowicz, M. (2024, March 1). Descriptive correlational design in research. Aithor. https://aithor.com/essay-examples/descriptive-correlational-design-in-research
  17. Cox, J. (2023, October 25). Teaching methods for the 21st century. Graduate Program for Educators. https://www.graduateprogram.org/2023/10/teaching-methods-for-the-21st-century/
  18. Dostál, J. (2015). Inquiry-based instruction: Concept, essence, importance, and contribution. Olomouc: Palacký University. https://doi.org/10.5507/pdf.15.24445076
  19. Duru, P. O., Dominic, G. Z., Udoha, C., & Ochuba, P. C. (2020). Effects of teacher subject mastery on the academic performance of secondary school students in Jalingo Local Government Area of Taraba State. Journal of Contemporary Education Research, 20(8). Hummingbird Publications. https://www.hummingbirdpubng.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/HUJCER_VOL20_NO8_JUNE2020_-22.pdf
  20. Evardo, O. J., Jr. (2024, March 13). Breaking down the enigma of out-of-field research teaching among private senior high schools in Davao City, Philippines: A transcendental phenomenological inquiry. Davao Research Journal, 15(1), Article 156. https://doi.org/10.59120/drj.v15i1.156
  21. Fonseca, M. (2024, June 6). Demystifying Pearson’s r: A handy guide. Editage Insights. https://www.editage.com/insights/demystifying-pearsons-r-a-handy-guide
  22. Froehlich, D. E., Hobusch, U., & Moeslinger, K. (2021). Research methods in teacher education: Meaningful engagement through service-learning. Frontiers in Education, 6, 680404. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.680404
  23. Gablinske, P. B. (2014). A case study of student and teacher relationships and the effect on student learning (Paper No. 266). Open Access Dissertations. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/266
  24. Ganza, S., & Eslabon, R. (2024). Teachers’ competence in action research. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IMJRISE), 1(6), 478-490. https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=oIPTpJEAAAAJ&citation_for_view=oIPTpJEAAAAJ:2osOgNQ5qMEC
  25. Garcia, R., Herrity, J., Eads, A., & Murray, J. K. (2024, March 28). Teaching skills: Definition and examples. Indeed Career Guide. https://uk.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/teaching-skills
  26. Ghamandi, G., & Kokane, S. (2024). Research skills: What they are and benefits. QuestionPro. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/research-skills/
  27. Gilmore, J., Maher, M., & Feldon, D. (2015). Prevalence, prevention, and pedagogical techniques: Academic integrity and ethical practice among STEM students. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Academic Integrity (pp. 729–748). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-079-7_45-1
  28. Guillén-Gámez, F. D., Ruiz-Palmero, J., Sánchez-Rivas, E., & Colomo-Magaña, E. (2020). ICT resources for research: An ANOVA analysis on the digital research skills of higher education teachers comparing the areas of knowledge within each gender. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 4575-4589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10395-7
  29. Gulab, M. N. (2019). The importance of statistical tools in research. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 9(11), 45-54. https://typeset.io/papers/the-importance-of-statistical-tools-in-research-yb67yqisb7
  30. Gultom, S., Hutauruk, A., & Ginting, A. (2020). Teaching skills of teachers in increasing student learning interest. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1564–1569. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1086
  31. Hanna, K. (2024). Teacher skills for your resume (Examples & tips). My Perfect Resume. https://www.myperfectresume.com/career-center/resumes/how-to/teacher-skills
  32. Hawthorne, H. (2022). What is effective teaching? High Speed Training. https://www.highspeedtraining.co.uk/hub/what-is-effective-teaching/
  33. Hero, J. (2023). An assessment of the research skills and capabilities of senior high school teachers towards the development of a research capacity building program. Zenodo, 207–213. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10154833
  34. Hoque, M. (2016). Teaching approaches, methods, and techniques. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21377.66400
  35. Hubahib, S. Jr., Kilag, O. K., & Uy, F. (2024). Improving education quality: An analysis of professional development initiatives for Filipino teachers. International Multidisciplinary Journal of Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IMJRISE), 1(5), 432–440. https://risejournals.org/index.php/imjrise/article/view/431
  36. Jacob, B. P. (2018). Instructional system of research education program and research skills productivity of students in science and technology-oriented high schools in Caraga Region. JPAIR Institutional Research Journal, 11(1), Article 13837. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=13837
  37. Jennings, C. (2020). Supporting effective research skills: Identifying a research problem. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/supporting-effective-research-skills-identifying-problem-jennings/
  38. Kamamia, L. N., Ngugi, N. T., & Thinguri, R. W. (2014). To establish the extent to which subject mastery enhances quality teaching to student-teachers during teaching practice. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(7), 641. https://www.ijern.com/journal/July-2014/51.pdf
  39. Kebritchi, M. (2024). How to identify an appropriate research problem. University of Phoenix. https://www.phoenix.edu/research/education-instruction-technology/how-to-identify-a-research-problem-0.html
  40. Krause, S. D. (2021). What is academic research writing? Saylor Academy. https://learn.saylor.org/mod/page/view.php?id=7304
  41. Kulkarni, R. (2024). Data collection. WallStreetMojo. https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/data-collection/
  42. Kyriacou, C. (2019). Why is planning so important for effective teaching? Oxford Education Blog. https://educationblog.oup.com/secondary/english/why-is-planning-so-important-for-effective-teaching
  43. Lacson, E. E., & Dejos, E. A. Jr. (2022). Research skills scale for senior high school students: Development and validation. Psych Education Journal (PEMJ). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727946
  44. LaMorte, W. W. (2022). Social cognitive theory. Boston University School of Public Health. https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/sb/behavioralchangetheories/BehavioralChangeTheories5.html
  45. La Rocca, M. (2016). Statistical analysis and software (pp. 15–46). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3469-0_3
  46. Laerd Dissertation, Lund Research Ltd. (2012). Total population sampling. Retrieved from https://dissertation.laerd.com/total-population-sampling.php
  47. Lavrakas, P. J. (2008). Encyclopedia of survey research methods (1st ed.). SAGE Publications.
  48. Lee, V. S. (2004). Teaching and learning through inquiry: A guidebook for institutions and instructors (pp. 3–15). Stylus Publishing.
  49. Limgas, A. S. (2024). Building research skills of students: Setback of senior high school teachers. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 9(6), 17–19. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN219
  50. Mac Donnchaidh, S. (2021). Top research strategies for students. Literacy Ideas. Retrieved from https://literacyideas.com/research-strategies-for-students/
  51. McClenaghan, E. (2024). Pearson correlation. Technology Networks. Retrieved from https://www.technologynetworks.com/tn/articles/pearson-correlation-385871
  52. Miulescu, M. (2019). The relationship between research and teaching: Assessing the students’ perceptions in the context of a new evaluation methodology. Revista de Pedagogie, 67(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.26755/RevPed/2019.2/125
  53. Nickerson, C. (2024). Social cognitive theory. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/social-cognitive-theory.html
  54. Oestar, J., & Marzo, C. (2022). Teachers as researchers: Skills and challenges in action research making. International Journal of Theory and Application in Elementary and Secondary School Education, 4(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijtaese.v4i2.1020
  55. Oyediran, K. K. (2019). Understanding problem identification in research using analogies. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences, 15(2), 35. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajesms.v15i2.3
  56. Padillo, G. G., Manguilimotan, R. P., Capuno, R. G., & Espina, R. C. (2021). Professional development activities and teacher performance. International Journal of Education and Practice, 9(3), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2021.93.497.506
  57. Patricio, G. (2022). Research, writing, and collaborative skills, and research output quality of senior high school students under the new normal. Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices, 4(2), 35–69. https://doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2022.4.2.5
  58. Pauline, C. D. (2023). Unveiling the importance of teacher planning and organization. LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/unveiling-importance-teacher-planning-organization-pauline-9mesc/
  59. Ramirez, I. A. (2020). Pre-service teachers’ perceived level of teaching skills. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v6i1.222
  60. Salmento, H., Murtonen, M., & Kiley, M. (2021). Understanding teacher education students’ research competence through their conceptions of theory. Frontiers in Education, 6, 763803. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.763803
  61. Shukla, D., & Dungsungnoen, A. P. (2016). Students’ perceived level and teachers’ teaching strategies of higher-order thinking skills: A study on higher educational institutions in Thailand. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(12), 211. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1099486.pdf
  62. Siachifuwe, M. (2017). Teacher-based factors influencing academic performance among learners in open learning classes at Twin Palm Secondary School, Lusaka, Zambia. International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education, 4(12). https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0381.0412012
  63. Siddiqui, M., Kanwal, W., Parveen, K., Shaheen, I., & Wajid, N. (2022). Effect of teachers’ organizational skills on their academic optimism. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 6, 12. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-6.3.12
  64. Stanley, R. (2023). 5 ways to make teacher professional development effective (& 7 powerful resources). Prodigy. Retrieved from https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/teacher-professional-development/
  65. Stevens, S., & Grieve, P. (2024, May 23). Research skills: What they are and how they benefit you. Immerse Education. https://www.immerse.education/study-tips/research-skills-a-guide/
  66. Sultan, S., & Shafi, M. (2014). Impact of perceived teachers’ competence on students’ performance: Evidence for mediating/moderating role of class environment. Manager’s Journal on Educational Psychology, 8(1), May–July. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1098630.pdf
  67. Tohid, H. (2023, October 6). Research planning definition. California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology. https://www.cibnp.com/research-planning-definition
  68. Toivola, J. (2023, May 22). The work-life value of research skills. Henley Business School Finland. https://henley.fi/en/blog/the-work-life-value-of-research-skills
  69. Varías-Palacios, R. A., Llontop-Ynga, E. G., Murillo-Tapia, J. P., & Tenorio-Vilchez, C. (2023). Research skills in high school students: A systematic review. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 18(1), 109–112.
  70. Ventista, O., & Brown, C. (2023, May 15). Teachers’ professional learning and its impact on students’ learning outcomes: Findings from a systematic review. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 8, 100565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100565
  71. Vieno, K., Rogers, K., & Campbell, N. (2022). Broadening the definition of ‘research skills’ to enhance students’ competence across undergraduate and master’s programs. Education Sciences, 12(10), 642. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100642
  72. Wahid, R., Halim, S., & Halim, T. (2023). Developing research skills among undergraduate students by student-centered active learning approaches. Kurdish Studies, 11(2), 3178–3189. https://doi.org/10.58262/ks.v11i2.231
  73. Williams, K., & Pierron, L. (2024). Teacher organization ideas: Planning, paperwork & physical space. Study.com. https://study.com/learn/lesson/teacher-organization-overview-tips-ideas.html.
  74. Wongvorachan, T., Srisuttiyakorn, S., & Sriklaub, K. (2024). Optimizing learning: Predicting research competency via statistical proficiency. Trends in Higher Education, 3(3), 540–559. https://doi.org/10.3390/higheredu3030032

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic