HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 34 no. 6 (2026)

Stress-Related Behaviors and Facilitating Skills at Work During Covid-19 Pandemic among Suarez National High School Teachers

Rose Mae Am-is

Discipline: others in psychology

 

Abstract:

This study aimed to recognize whether there was a significant relationship between stress-related behaviors and facilitating skills at work during COVID-19 pandemic among Suarez National High School Teachers in the school year 2021-2022 and its intervention programs that would prevent and reduce the severity of stress from becoming problematic which was formulated out of the results gathered in the study. The study utilized the adapted survey questionnaire based on the possible factors that caused the stress, such as physical stress, psychological stress, and behavioral stress. A total of fifty (50) questionnaires were utilized as research instruments. The findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between stress-related behaviors and facilitating skills at work during COVID-19 pandemic among Suarez National High School Teachers. Physical stressors, such as increased workload due to fear of contracting the virus, were prominent factors contributing to stress. In addition, psychological stressors, such as anxiety about the uncertainty of the situation were also identified as significant stress inducers. Moreover, behavioral stressors, including difficulties in adapting to online teaching platforms emerged as notable contributors to stress levels among teachers. Intervention programs from the study's findings encompassed various strategies aimed at mitigating stressors such as implementing stress management workshops, providing emotional support through counseling services, and fostering a supportive work environment. Furthermore, the study emphasized the resilience of teachers in navigating stress despite its pervasiveness.



References:

  1. Baskerville NB, Liddy C, & Hogg W. (2012). Systematic review and meta-analysis of practice facilitation within primary care settings. Ann Fam Med;10(1):63-74.
  2. Bhandari, S.(2021). Stress Symptoms. https://www.webmd.com/balance/stress-management/stress-symptoms-effects_of-stress-on-the-body on November 11, 2021.
  3. Bliese, P. D., Edwards, J. R., & Sonnentag, S. (2007). Stress and well-being at work: A century of empirical trends reflecting theoretical and societal influences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 389–402.
  4. Carroll L, Thirlwall M, & Wilson A. (2018). Medical audit and the role of the facilitator. Int J Health Care Qual Assur;7(3):8–10.
  5. Cobo, R. (2021) Teacher workload and stress: An international perspective on human Costs and systemic failure. BCTF Research Report. http://www.bctf.ca.
  6. Cowan, R., Sanditov, B., & Weehuizen, R. (2011). Productivity effects of innovation, stress and social relations. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 79(3), 165-182.
  7. Department of Education. (2020b). Memoranda about COVID-19. https://www.deped.gov.ph/covid-19/covid19-memoranda/ [Google Scholar].
  8. Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C. R., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A. M., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world. Journal of Risk Research, 1-13.
  9. Elo S, & Kyngäs H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. J Adv Nurs.; 62(1):107–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.
  10. Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during the COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One 15, 231924.Google Scholar.
  11. Grumbach, K , Bainbridge, E., & Bodenheimer, T. (2011). Facilitating improvement in primary care: The promise of practice coaching. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund ). 2012;15:1–14.
  12. Hammer, L.B., Cullen, J. C., Neal, M. B., Sinclair, R. R., & Shafiro, M. V. (2005). The longitudinal effects of work-family conflict and positive spillover on depressive symptoms among dual-earner couples. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 138-154.
  13. Harvey, G., & Kitson, A. (2015). Implementing evidence-based practice in healthcare: Facilitation guide. London: Taylor & Francis.
  14. Huang, R. H. Liu, D.J., Tlili, A., Yang, J.F., & Wang, H.H. (2020). Handbook on facilitating flexible learning during educational disruption: The Chinese experience in maintaining undisrupted learning in COVID-19 outbreak. Beijing: Smart Learning Institute of Beijing Normal University.
  15. Joels, M. & Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 6, 463–475.
  16. Johnson, L. (2024). Strategies for Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.       Educational Psychology Review.
  17. Keck, C. S. (2019). The question teacher and the case for a therapeutic turn within teacher education. J Teach. Educ. 71, 1–11. doi: 10.1177/0022487119858982.
  18. Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020b). Like a rug had been pulled from under you: The impact of COVID-19 on teachers in England during the first six weeks of the UK lockdown. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 90, 1062–1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12381Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar.
  19. Koestler, A. (2010). The ghost in the machine. Hutchinson. New Edition.
  20. Kraft, M. A., Simon, N. S., & Lyon, M. A. (2020). Sustaining a sense of success: The importance of teacher working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. (EdWorkingPaper: 20-279). Annenberg Institute at Brown University. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26300/35nj-v890Google Scholar.
  21. Lazarus, R. S. (2018). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill. New Edition.
  22. Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health, 4, 421.CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar.
  23. Lloyd, S.W. (2021). Types of stress and their symptoms. https://www.verywellmind.com/stress-and-health-3145086 on November 11, 2021.
  24. Mccormack, B., & Garbett, R. (2019). The characteristics, qualities and skills of practice developers. J Clin Nurs;12(3):317–25. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00726.x.
  25. Navarro (2020). Los profesores vascos paran para reclamar más seguridad en las aulas y más docentes. El País. https://elpais.com/educacion/2020-09-15/los-profesores-vascos-paran-para-reclamar-mas-seguridad-en-las-aulas-y-mas-docentes.html.Google Scholar.
  26. Pan, H. (2020). A glimpse of university students’ family life amidst the COVID-19 virus. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1750194 [Taylor & Francis Online], [Google Scholar].
  27. Public Health England. The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Public Health Information for Passengers Travelling to England)”. Regulations 2020.
  28. Qiu, Y., Chen, X., & Shi, W. (2020a). Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. Journal of Population Economics, 1.
  29. Ritchie, M. J. (2016). Transferring Implementation Facilitation Knowledge and Skills to Improve Healthcare Delivery Systems. Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1500.
  30. Sawrey, B. J., Stage, F. K., King, J., Nora, A., & Barlow, E. A. (2010). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis: A review. The Journal of Educational Research, 99(6), 323-338. https://doi.org/10.3200/joer.99.6.323-338.
  31. Selye, H. (2010). The stress of life (Rev. ed.). McGraw-Hill. New Edition.
  32. Smith, J. (2024). A Study of Teacher Empathy Skills During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Educational Research.
  33. Solberg, A. (2018). Psychosocial factors at work and risk of depression: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65: 438–45.
  34. Talidong, K. B. & Toquero, C. D., (2020). Philippine teachers’ practices to deal with anxiety amid covid-19. Pages 573-579. Published online: 05 May 2020 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15325024.2020.1759225.
  35. TeacherTapp (2021). Lockdown 2.0: What do we know so far? TeacherTapp. https://teachertapp.co.uk/lockdown-2-0-what-do-we-know-so-far/Google Scholar.
  36. Tenedero, P. (2011). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54(2), 314-334.
  37. UNESCO. 2020a. Act now: Reduce the impact of COVID-19 on the cost of achieving SDG4. Policy.
  38. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2020a). Adverse effects of school closures, 2020. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences.Google Scholar.
  39. Vendrell, R., Baqués, M., Dalmau, M., Gallego, S., & Geis, A. (2008). La educación en valores y actitudes igualitarias: los varones estudiantes de magisterio de educación infantile. Revista de Ciencias de la Educación 214, 223–233.
  40. Wang, S. (2020). Invisible females, incapable males: gender construction in a children’s reading scheme. Language and Education 19, 238–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
  41. Westman, M. (2001). Stress and strain crossover. Human Relations, 54, 557-591.
  42. Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: Pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020 [Crossref], [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  43. World Health Organization. (2020, March 18). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf [Google Scholar.
  44. Yang, H., Bin, P., & He, A. J. (2020). Opinions from the epicenter: An online survey of university students in Wuhan amidst the COVID-19 outbreak1. Journal of Chinese Governance, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2020.1745411 [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar].
  45. Zafra, I. (2020a). La educación infantil reabre en medio de la incertidumbre. El País. https://elpais.com/educacion/2020-08-30/preocupacion-en-infantil-la-etapa-escolar-mas-expuesta-a-la-epidemia.html.Google Scholar.