Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 49 no. 9 (2025)

A Retrospective Study on Average Time from Emergency Room to Cranial CT Scans of Patient Admitted with Stroke in Occidental Mindoro Provincial Hospital

Rylan Howell Superiano | Erwin Faller

Discipline: health sciences (non-specific)

 

Abstract:

Time is of the essence when treating a stroke; prompt action can significantly improve outcomes. "Time Lost is Brain Lost," thus decreasing the waiting time of the patient for a cranial CT scan was as important as the patient management. The study aims to identify the average time from the Emergency Room to the Cranial CT scan of patients admitted with stroke in Occidental Mindoro Provincial Hospital. A retrospective design was used among acute stroke patients admitted from January to June 2024, and a Pearson Correlation assessed the relationship between average time and mortality rate. The charts were retrieved and reviewed. A total of 104 admitted patients underwent CT scans. Among these, patients aged 57 years and older were found to have infarctions on the CT scans. More males than females underwent CT scans at OMPH. Moreover, the longest arrival time was 300 minutes, with a mortality rate of 47%, while the shortest was 136 minutes, with a mortality rate of 18%. There is a moderate positive correlation between the average time and the mortality rate. This study finds that reduced average time is associated with lower mortality; however, other variables should also be explored.



References:

  1. Adeoye, O., Nyström, K. V., Yavagal, D. R., Luciano, J., Nogueira, R. G., Zorowitz, R. D., Khalessi, A. A., Bushnell, C., Barsan, W. G., Panagos, P., Alberts, M. J., Tiner, A. C., Schwamm, L. H., & Jauch, E. C. (2019). Recommendations for the Establishment of Stroke Systems of Care: a 2019 update. Stroke, 50(7). https://doi.org/10.1161/str.0000000000000173
  2. Alemu, C., Wudu, H., Bogale, B., Getachew, Z., & Nega, A. (2024). Time to death and its determinant factors of stroke patients at Gambella General Hospital, Gambella, Ethiopia. European Journal of Medical Research, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-024-02026-9
  3. Collantes, M. E., Navarro, J., Belen, A., & Gan, R. (2022). Stroke systems of care in the Philippines: Addressing gaps and developing strategies. Frontiers in Neurology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.1046351
  4. Collantes, M. V., Zúñiga, Y. H., Granada, C. N., Uezono, D. R., De Castillo, L. C., Enríquez, C. G., Ignacio, K. D., Ignacio, S. D., & Jamora, R. D. (2021). Current state of stroke care in the Philippines. Frontiers in Neurology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.665086
  5. Clinical tools and resources. (2024). www.heart.org. https://www.heart.org/en/professional/quality-improvement/target-stroke/clinical-tools-and-resources  
  6. De Lucas, E. M., Sánchez, E., Gutiérrez, A., Mandly, A. G., Ruiz, E., Flórez, A. F., Izquierdo, J., Arnáiz, J., Piedra, T., Valle, N., Bañales, I., & Quintana, F. (2008). CT protocol for acute stroke: Tips and tricks for general radiologists. Radiographics, 28(6), 1673–1687. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.286085502
  7. Feigin, V. L., Stark, B. A., Johnson, C. O., Roth, G. A., Bisignano, C., Abady, G. G., Abbasifard, M., Abbasi-Kangevari, M., Abd-Allah, F., Abedi, V., Abualhasan, A., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Agarwal, G., Agasthi, P., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., Ahmadi, S., . . . Murray, C. J. L. (2021). Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Neurology, 20(10), 795–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00252-0
  8. Gosalia, A., Haramati, L. B., Sheth, M. P., & Spindola-Franco, H. (2004). CT detection of acute myocardial infarction. American Journal of Roentgenology, 182(6), 1563–1566. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.182.6.1821566          
  9. Hillal, A., Ullberg, T., Ramgren, B., & Wassélius, J. (2022). Computed tomography in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: neuroimaging predictors of hematoma expansion and outcome. Insights Into Imaging, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-022-01309-1      
  10. Ikram, S., Mirtorabi, N., Ali, D., Aain, H., Naumann, D., & Dilworth, M. (2024). Does timely reporting of preoperative CT scans influence outcomes for patients following emergency laparotomy? Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 107(2), 146–150. https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2023.0040
  11. Jørgensen, H. S., Nakayama, H., Raaschou, H. O., Larsen, K., HüBbe, P., & Olsen, T. S. (1995). The effect of a stroke unit: reductions in mortality, discharge rate to nursing home, length of hospital stay, and cost. Stroke, 26(7), 1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.26.7.1178           
  12. Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present status and future Perspectives. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(20), 7609. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207609
  13. Mader, M. M., Rotermund, R., Lefering, R., Westphal, M., Maegele, M., & Czorlich, P. (2020). The faster the better? Time to first CT scan after admission in moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury and its association with mortality. Neurosurgical Review, 44(5), 2697–2706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01456-3
  14. Navarro, J. C., Baroque, A. C., Lokin, J. K., & Venketasubramanian, N. (2014). The real stroke burden in the Philippines. International Journal of Stroke, 9(5), 640–641. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12287        
  15. National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. (2023, May 31). National Clinical Guideline for Stroke. https://www.strokeguideline.org/
  16. Navarro, J. C., & Venketasubramanian, N. (2021). Stroke burden and services in the Philippines. Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra, 11(2), 52–54. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516238
  17. Powers, W. J., Rabinstein, A. A., Ackerson, T., Adeoye, O. M., Bambakidis, N. C., Becker, K., Biller, J., Brown, M., Demaerschalk, B. M., Hoh, B., Jauch, E. C., Kidwell, C. S., Leslie-Mazwi, T. M., Ovbiagele, B., Scott, P. A., Sheth, K. N., Southerland, A. M., Summers, D. V., & Tirschwell, D. L. (2019). Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 50(12). https://doi.org/10.1161/str.0000000000000211  
  18. Suwanwela, N., Poungvarin, N., & Panel, N. T. a. S. A. (2016). Stroke burden and strokecare system in Asia. Neurology India, 64(7), 46. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.178042
  19. World Health Organization. (2017). Global atlas of medical devices. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/255181
  20. Stroke Society of the Philippines. (2025, May 7). Stroke Society of the Philippines - SSP. SSP. https://www.strokesocietyphilippines.org/
  21. Yamamoto, R., Suzuki, M., Funabiki, T., & Sasaki, J. (2023). Immediate CT after hospital arrival and decreased in-hospital mortality in severely injured trauma patients. BJS Open, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrac133
  22. Yan, L. L., Li, C., Chen, J., Miranda, J. J., Luo, R., Bettger, J., Zhu, Y., Feigin, V., O'Donnell, M., Zhao, D., & Wu, Y. (2016). Prevention, management, and rehabilitation of stroke in low- and middle-income countries. eNeurologicalSci, 2, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2016.02.011
  23. Zhakhina, G., Zhalmagambetov, B., Gusmanov, A., Sakko, Y., Yerdessov, S., Matmusaeva, E., Imanova, A., Crape, B., Sarria-Santamera, A., & Gaipov, A. (2022). Incidence and mortality rates of strokes in Kazakhstan in 2014–2019. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20302-8          
  24. Zhu, L., Li, Y., Zhao, Q., Li, C., Wu, Z., & Jiang, Y. (2024b). Assessing the Severity of ODT and Factors Determinants of Late Arrival in Young Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, Volume 17, 2635–2645. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s476106

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic