Tilapia and Barramandi are the major ecomomic fish species cultured in ASEAN countries. They were commonly cultured in intensive farming system. Based on geographical areas and climates of ASEAN countries, the emerging diseases of Tilapia and Barramundi are usually warm water diseases such as Streptococcosis, Flavobacteriosis, Aeromonas septicemia, Edwardsiellosis, Mycobacteriosis, Vibriosis, Tilapia Tilapinevirus infection, scale drop disease virus (SDDV) infection, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNDV) infection, and etc. The molecular biology was applied in many aspects for research in emerging bacterial and viral diseases of Tilapia and Barramandi such as molecular characterization, genome comparison, molecular pathogenesis, molecular diagnosis, molecular epidemiology, molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and etc. The techniques used in molecular research of emerging bacterial and viral diseases of Tilapia and Barramundi are including both basic and advanced molecular techniques such as restriction fragment lenge polymorphisms (RFLP), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR, DNA or genome sequencing, Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and etc. The molecular and genome study of those bacterial and viral pathogens provides a fruitful information to the better understanding about thier virulence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epidemiology. Additionally, the information is very useful to apply in the prevention and control of the emerging diseases such as use in vaccine design and development.
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