Localization of Proteins and Enzymes in the Granules of Conus Venom

Lourdes  Cruz,; Elsie  Jimenes,

Localization of Proteins and Enzymes in the Granules of Conus Venom

Abstract:

The toxicity and enzyme activities of granules and soluble fraction extracted from various segments of the venom duct of Conus striatus were studied. Examinations reveal the granules to contain 60 to 67% of the total proteins. Using fish as assay animal, the soluble fraction was found to possess greater toxicity accounting for 63 to 73% of the total paralytic and lethal activities. Higher enzyme activities are associated with the granules which contain 74 to 85% of the total proteolytic activity, 80 to 84% of the total acetylcholinesterase activity and 90 to 94% of the total phosphodiesterase activity.

References:

Endean, R., Gyr, P., & Parish, G. (1974). Pharmacology of the venom of the marine snail Conus geographus. Toxicon, 12(2), 117–129.
Pali, E. S., Tangco, O. M., & Cruz, L. J. (1979). Actions of the venom of Conus geographus on the neuromuscular system. Bulletin of the Philippine Biochemical Society, 2, 30–51.
Endean, R., & Duchemin, C. (1967). The venom apparatus of Conus magus. Toxicon, 4(4), 275–284.
Kohn, A. J., Saunders, P. R., & Wiener, S. (1960). Preliminary studies on the venom of the marine snail Conus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 90(3), 706–725.
Endean, R., & Rudkin, C. (1963). Studies on the venoms of some venomous marine gastropods. Toxicon, 1(2), 49–63.
Endean, R., & Rudkin, C. (1965). Further studies on the venoms of Conidae. Toxicon, 2(4), 225–249.
Spence, I., Killesen, D., Gregson, R. P., & Quinn, R. J. (1977). Characterization of a postsynaptic blocking agent from the venom of the marine snail Conus geographus. Life Sciences, 21(12), 1759–1770.
Cruz, L. J., Gray, W. R., & Olivera, B. M. (1978). Purification and properties of a myotoxin from Conus geographus venom. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 190(2), 539–548.
Balagtas, M. G. (1981). [Master’s thesis on pharmacological properties of marine venoms] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
Marsh, H. (1970). Preliminary studies on the venoms of Conus textile and Conus marmoreus. Toxicon, 8(4), 271–277.
Reyes, A. G. (1975). [Master’s thesis on regional medical toxicology] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
Balbin, J. A. (1980). [Master’s thesis on peptide isolation and biological screening] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
Miranda, R. R. (1982). [Master’s thesis on characterization of marine toxins] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
Pali, E. S. (1979). [Master’s thesis on neurochemical properties of Conus venom] [Unpublished master’s thesis]. College of Medicine, University of the Philippines.
Cruz, L. J., Corpuz, G. P., & Olivera, B. M. (1976). Mating, feeding, and predatory behavior of Conus geographus in captivity. The Veliger, 18(4), 302–308.
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193(1), 265–274.
Cruz, L. J. (1977). Biochemical studies on the venom of Conus geographus. Acta Medica Philippina, 13(Series 2), 13–16.
Charney, J., & Tomarelli, R. M. (1947). A colorimetric method for the determination of the proteolytic activity of duodenal juice. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 171(2), 501–505.
Hestrin, S. (1949). The reaction of acetylcholine and other carboxylic acid derivatives with hydroxylamine, and its analytical application. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 180(1), 249–261.
Koerner, J. F., & Sinsheimer, R. L. (1957). A deoxyribonuclease from uninfected and T2-infected Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 228(2), 1049–1062.
Canalco. (n.d.). Research disc electrophoresis instructions for use of Canalco disc electrophoresis equipment model 1200 (Instruction Manual). Canalco Industrial Corporation.
Weber, K., & Osborn, M. (1969). The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 244(16), 4406–4412.