Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 7 no. 8 (2026)

Strategic Thinking and Reasoning in Integer Knowledge Enhancement (Strike): Manipulative Tool in Enhancing Integer Operations

Ryan L. Dumaguin | Rocel A. Turco | Richel B. Rabas | Ramir G. Pacheco | Emma O. Cajurao | Rio A. Villarias

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Strategic Thinking and Rea- soning in Integer Knowledge Enhancement (STRIKE) manipulative tool in improving the integer operation skills of Grade 9 learners at Lantangan National High School. A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pre- test-posttest design was employed involving 30 purposively selected Grade 9 learners who obtained the lowest scores in the Integer Test of Primary Operations (ITPO). Participants received a two-week interven- tion using the STRIKE manipulative tool before completing the posttest. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize learners' performance, while paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests determined sig- nificant differences in achievement. Results revealed significant im- provements in both male learners (t = −6.9099, p < .05) and female learn- ers (t = −12.435, p < .05) following the intervention. Although female learners obtained a slightly higher mean posttest score than male learn- ers, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (t = 1.9999, p = .0553). The findings suggest that the STRIKE ma- nipulative tool is an effective instructional intervention for improving Grade 9 learners' performance in integer operations by enhancing their conceptual understanding and computational proficiency while provid- ing equitable learning opportunities regardless of sex. Future studies are recommended to employ larger samples and experimental or quasi-ex- perimental designs with comparison groups to further validate its effec- tiveness.



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