Home⇛College of Dentistry Research Journal⇛vol. 8 no. 1 (2023)

The Use of Face Masks during the Covid-19 in Relation to Oral Health

Shekinah Mae M. Bautista | Kathlyn M. Cadeliña | Jessa Mae B. Closa | Ayra Joice S. Roldan | Lorna Anne H. Tolentino | Lyan Gabriel R. Villalobos

Discipline: Dentistry

 

Abstract:

Oral health is an important aspect of general health and well-being. As the use of face masks increased, it resulted in different negative health related consequences. While masks and facial coverings have become part of our "new normal," they should be used with caution since they can have negative effects on the oral cavity. This study determined the use of face masks during the COVID-19 in relation to oral health. The researchers used quantitative research design. The participants of research include 100 adults face mask wearer who are taking face- to-face classes or working in face-to-face settings for 7 to 8 hours and had worn face masks within the last 30 days in various barangays in Batangas. The researchers have gathered the data using Google forms. Summarizing the type of mask that the participants wear is a surgical mask for 5-8 hours and nearly all the participants do not reuse the mask. The participants sometimes experience changes in dryness of mouth, breathing pattern and smell of breath while using a face mask. Females have greater assessment of changes on gums. Those who have asthma have a greater assessment of changes on gums. Non-drinker have greater determination and awareness of the changes on smell of breath and changes on gums.



References:

  1. Aboalshamat, K., Farsi, N., Merwass, R., Alshubaili, D., & Filimban, L. (n.d.). The Impact of COVID-19 on Halitosis among the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Potential Symptom. https://www.jrmds.in/articles/the-impact-of-covid19-on-halitosis-among-the-general-population-in-saudi-arabia-a-potential-symptom-86963.html
  2. Ali, S. (2022, January 7). More women wear masks than men, study finds. Business Today. https://www.businesstoday.in/coronavirus/story/more-women-wear-masks-than-men-study-finds-318233-2022-01-07
  3. Almughamis, N. S., Alasfour, S., & Mehmood, S. (2020). Poor eating habits and predictors of weight gain during the COVID-19 quarantine measures in Kuwait: a cross sectional study. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-29219/v1
  4. Atlanta Center for Advanced Periodontics, Cosmetic, and Implant Dentistry (2022). Developing Gum Disease. Retrieved from: https://advancedperioatl.com/ gum-recession/
  5. Aylikci, B., & Çolak, H. (2013). Halitosis: From diagnosis to management. Journal of Natural Science Biology and Medicine, 4(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-9668.107255
  6. Bhattacharya, S. (2022). “Mask Mouth Syndrome“-An emerging oral health threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(8), 4869–4870. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_198_22
  7. Beklen, A., Yildirim, B., Mimaroglu, M., & Yavuz, M. (2021). The impact of smoking on oral health and patient assessment of tobacco cessation support from Turkish dentists. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 19(June), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/136418
  8. Bevans, R. (2023, June 22). An Introduction to t Tests | Definitions, Formula and Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/t-test/
  9. Canadian Dental Association. Mask Mouth. (2020). Retrieved from: https://www.cda-adc.ca/en/about/covid-19/masks/mask-mouth.asp
  10. Centers for Disease Control (2022). Types of Masks and Respirators. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/ 2019-ncov/ prevent-getting-sick/ types-of-masks.html#masks
  11. Cheng, F., Yen, Y., Lin, S., Weng, S., Chou, Y., Chu, D., Chen, C., & Hu, H. (2021). Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Reuse of Mask during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158065
  12. Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H. J., Chu, D. K., Akl, E. A., El-Harakeh, A., Bognanni, A., Lotfi, T., Loeb, M., Hajizadeh, A., Bak, A., Izcovich, A., Cuello-Garcia, C. A., Chen, C., Harris, D. J., Borowiack, E., . . . Schünemann, H. J. (2020). Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 395(10242), 1973–1987.
  13. Chua, M. H., Cheng, W., Goh, S. S., Kong, J., Li, B., Lim, J. Y. C., Mao, L., Wang, S., Xue, K., Yang, L., Ye, E., Zhang, K., Cheong, W. C. D., Tan, B. H., Li, Z., Tan, B. H., & Loh, X. J. (2020). Face masks in the new COVID-19 normal: Materials, testing, and perspectives. Research, 2020. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/7286735
  14. Conforti, N. J., Cordero, R. E., Liebman, J., Bowman, J. P., Putt, M. S., Kuebler, D. S., Davidson, K. R., Cugini, M., & Warren, P. R. (2003). An investigation into the effect of three months’ clinical wear on toothbrush efficacy: results from two independent studies. The Journal of clinical dentistry, 14(2), 29–33.
  15. Delanghe, L., Cauwenberghs, E., Spacova, I., De Boeck, I., Van Beeck, W., Pepermans, K., Claes, I., Vandenheuvel, D., Verhoeven, V., & Lebeer, S. (2021). Cotton and surgical face masks in community settings: bacterial contamination and face mask hygiene. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.732047
  16. Dental Tribune India (August 2020). ‘Mask Mouth’- a novel threat to oral health in the COVID. https://in.dental-tribune.com/news/mask-mouth-a-novel-threat- to-oral-health-in-the-covid-era/
  17. Department of Health (2020) Wearing Mask May Cut Transmission Rate. https://doh.gov.ph/press-release/DOH-WEARING-MASKS-MAY-CUT- TRANSMISSION-RATE-BY-85
  18. Divya, U. (2021). “Mask Mouth” during COVID - 19 Pandemic -A myth or a truth. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352366291_Mask_Mouth_During_COVID_-_19_Pandemic_-A_Myth_or_A_Truth
  19. Fikenzer, S., Uhe, T., Lavall, D., Rudolph, U., Falz, R., Busse, M., Hepp, P., & Laufs, U. (2020). Effects of surgical and FFP2/N95 face masks on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 109(12), 1522–1530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-020-01704-y
  20. Gani, F., Caminati, M., Bellavia, F., Baroso, A., Faccioni, P., Pancera, P., Batani, V., & Senna, G. (2020). Oral health in asthmatic patients: a review. Clinical and Molecular Allergy, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12948-020-00137-2
  21. HajiFattahi, F., Hesari, M., Zojaji, H., & Sarlati, F. (2015, March 1). Relationship of Halitosis with Gastric Helicobacter Pylori Infection. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4663310/
  22. Hwang, J., Chun, H., & Cheon, E. (2021). A qualitative study on the impact of COVID-19 on the behavior and attitudes of smokers and non-smokers in South Korea. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12079-8
  23. Kanzow, P., Dylla, V., Mahler, A. M., Hrasky, V., Rödig, T., Barre, F., Scheithauer, S., & Wiegand, A. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: Effect of different face Masks on Self-PErceived Dry Mouth and Halitosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179180
  24. Lee, Y.-J., Kang, M.-I., Kim, M.-G., Jo, Y.-W., Kim, D.-H., Lee, S.-Y., & Kim, Y.-R. (2021, June 23). Analysis of Influence on Oral Health Behavior after Wearing a Mask due to COVID-19. http://www.annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/8098
  25. Lim, M. S. C., Molenaar, A., Brennan, L., Reid, M., & McCaffrey, T. (2022). Young adults’ use of different social media platforms for health information: Insights from Web-Based Conversations. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e23656. https://doi.org/10.2196/23656
  26. Liu, C., Li, G., He, Y., Zhang, Z., & Ding, Y. (2020). Effects of wearing masks on human health and comfort during the COVID-19 pandemic. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 531(1), 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/531/1/012034
  27. Matsuda, S., Saito, T., Yoshida, H., Yoshimura, H., & Sano, K. (2019). Prevalence of tongue cleaning using a toothbrush: a questionnaire survey in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. BioMed Research International, 2019, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6320261
  28. Muley-Itke, P. (2021). “Mask Mouth‟- A new malady affecting oral health in the COVID era.” Annals of International Medical and Dental Research, 7(4), 16–22.https://aimdrjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/3_16-22-1.pdf
  29. National Kidney Foundation (2021). Kidney Health Plus. Retrieved from: https://nkti.gov.ph/index.php/patients-and-visitors/kidney-health-plus
  30. Nosratzehi, T. (2017, December 1). Salivary Chemical Factors in Relation with Oral Cancer in Smokers and Non-Smokers: a Literature Review.
  31. Özdoğan, M. S., Gümüşok, M., & Sariçam, E. (2020). Attitudes and behavior regarding oral hygiene among a group of university students: A Self-reported. Selcuk Dental Journal, 7(3),448–454. https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.545065
  32. Pinzan-Vercelino, C., Freitas, K., Girão, V., Da Silva, D., Peloso, R., & Pinzan, A. (2021). Does the use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic impact on oral hygiene habits, oral conditions, reasons to seek dental care and esthetic concerns? Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, e369–e375. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.57798
  33. Priya, K., Vaishali, P. N. A., Rajasekaran, S., Balaji, D., & Navin, R. B. N. (2021). Assessment of effects on prolonged usage of face mask by ENT professionals during COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 74(S2), 3173–3177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02902-4
  34. Priyanka, K., Sudhir, K. M., Reddy, V. C. S., Kumar, R. K., & Srinivasulu, G. (2017). Impact of alcohol dependency on oral health – a cross-sectional comparative study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2017/26380.10058
  35. Roshan (2022). Mouth Fresheners Market by Product Type (Spray, Gum, Candies, and Strips), Category (Sugar Free and Conventional), and Distribution Channel (Offline and Online): Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast. Retrieved from: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/mouth-fresheners-market-A14363
  36. Scarmozzino, F., & Visioli, F. (2020). COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdown modified dietary habits of almost half the population in an Italian sample. Foods, 9(5), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050675
  37. World Health Organization. (2020). Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care and in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: interim guidance 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330987.
  38. Wyszyńska, M., Czelakowska, A., Rosak, P., Białożyt-Bujak, E., Gruca, O., Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Kasperski, J., & Skucha-Nowak, M. (2022). Changes in the Oral Cavity Mucosal Surface under the Influence of Wearing Protective Face Masks—Nitric Oxide Concentration Analysis—Preliminary Report. Coatings, 12(8), 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081164

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic