HomeAugustinianvol. 24 no. 1 (2023)

Financial Literacy and Self-Efficacy of Local Government Unit Employees in Negros Occidental

Leilani C. Dusaban | Geff B Sagala | Marianito M. Vito

Discipline: Finance

 

Abstract:

Today’s society is already financially driven where every person's life depends on their capacity to manage their financial affairs effectively and efficiently. This descriptive-comparative and correlational design study explored the extent of financial literacy, and self-efficacy of LGU employees. Lusardi and Mitchell's (2011) research instrument on Financial Literacy was used in this study while the instrument of Lown (2011) was used for Financial Self-Efficacy scale. The adopted and modified survey was administered to 345 LGU employees. Data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation and Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman Rho. This study showed that Financial Literacy, and Self-Efficacy of LGU employees are “high” when grouped according to age, sex and salary grade. Moreover, women and lower salary grade employees should be given more focused in all the financial areas as revealed in their lower mean scores. There was also significant relationship between the extents of Financial Literacy to Financial Self-Efficacy. The results implied that the extent of employees’ financial literacy is associated with their level of confidence in handling their financial resources. Overall, employees feel comfortable with their basic and advanced financial knowledge. They are satisfied with their financial situation and confident in managing their finances and handling unexpected financial challenges. However, it is recommended that policy efforts including financial education programs complemented by tools should be implemented to improve the women and lower salary grade employee’s financial situation.



References:

 

  1. Adetunji, O. M., & David‐West, O. (2019). The relative impact of income and financial literacy on financial inclusion in Nigeria. Journal of International Development31(4), 312-335. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3407  
  2. Angrisani, M., Barrera, S., Blanco, L. R., & Contreras, S. (2021). The racial/ethnic gap in financial literacy in the population and by income. Contemporary Economic Policy, 39(3), 524-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12507
  3. Arianti, B. F. (2018). The influence of financial literacy, financial behavior and income on investment decision. Economics and Accounting Journal, 1(1), 1-10. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/337610685.pdf
  4. Asandimitra, N., & Kautsar, A. (2019). The influence of financial information, financial self efficacy, and emotional intelligence to financial management behavior of female lecturer. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 1112-1124. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76160
  5. Asebedo, S. D., Seay, M. C., Archuleta, K., & Brase, G. (2019). The psychological predictors of older preretirees’ financial self-efficacy. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 20(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427560.2018.1492580
  6. Atkinson, A., & Messy, F. A. (2012). Measuring financial literacy: Results of the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study. https://doi.org/10.1787/5k9csfs90fr4-en
  7. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  8.  Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for constructing self-efficacy scales. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents, 5(1), 307-337.
  9. Brüggen, E. C., Hogreve, J., Holmlund, M., Kabadayi, S., & Löfgren, M. (2017). Financial well-being: A conceptualization and research agenda. Journal of business research, 79, 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.03.013
  10. Caplinska, A., & Ohotina, A. (2019). Analysis of financial literacy tendencies with young people. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 6(4), 6. http://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.6.4(13)
  11. De Castro, N., Salamat, L., & Tabor, M. (2020). Financial literacy of young professionals in the Philippines. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development, 5(3), 217-220. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra2016
  12. Desello, J. M. U., & Agner, M. G. R. (2023). Financial Inclusion and the Role of Financial Literacy in the Philippines. International Journal of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n6p27
  13. Dewi, V., Febrian, E., Effendi, N., & Anwar, M. (2020). Financial literacy among the millennial generation: Relationships between knowledge, skills, attitude, and behavior. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal, 14(4), 24-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v14i4.3
  14. Ergün, K. (2018). Financial literacy among university students: A study in eight European countries.
  15. International journal of consumer studies, 42(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12408
  16. Fallan, L., & Opstad, L. (2016). Student self-efficacy and gender-personality interactions. International journal of higher education, 5(3), 32-44. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1106351.
  17. Farrell, L., Fry, T. R., & Risse, L. (2016). The significance of financial self-efficacy in explaining women’s personal finance behaviour. Journal of economic psychology, 54, 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.07.001
  18. Fernandes, D., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Netemeyer, R. G. (2014). Financial literacy, financial education, and downstream financial behaviors. Management science, 60(8), 1861-1883. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1849
  19. Furrebøe, E. F., Nyhus, E. K., & Musau, A. (2023). Gender differences in recollections of economic socialization, financial self‐efficacy, and financial literacy. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(1), 69-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12490
  20. Galapon, A., & Bool, N. C. (2022). Effects of financial literacy and financial behavior on the financial well-being of teachers in higher education institutions in Region 1, Philippines. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), 11(9), 150-157. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i9.2188
  21. Garg, N., & Singh, S. (2018). Financial literacy among youth. International journaL of sociaL economics, 45(1), 173-186.  https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-11-2016-0303
  22. Ghaffar, S., & Sharif, S. (2016). The level of financial literacy in Pakistan. Journal of Education & Social Sciences, 4(2), 224-235. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2724533
  23. Ghosh, S., & Vinod, D. (2017). What constrains financial inclusion for women? Evidence from Indian micro data. World development, 92, 60-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.11.011
  24. Grohmann, A. (2018). Financial literacy and financial behavior: Evidence from the emerging Asian middle class. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 48, 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.01.007
  25. Grohmann, A., Kouwenberg, R., & Menkhoff, L. (2014). Financial literacy and its consequences in the emerging middleclass (No. 1943). Kiel Working Paper. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/100079
  26. Imelda, C. M., Angeline, M. P., Gwendelina, A. V., & Genalen, M. P. (2017). Financial literacy of professional and pre-service teachers in the Philippines. J Glob Econ, 5(267), 2. https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4389.1000267
  27. Ismail, S., Faique, F. A., Bakri, M. H., Zain, Z. M., Idris, N. H., Yazid, Z. A., ... & Taib, N. M. (2017). The role of financial self-efficacy scale in predicting financial behavior. Advanced Science Letters, 23(5), 4635-4639. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8992
  28. Kadoya, Y., & Khan, M. S. R. (2020). Financial literacy in Japan: New evidence using financial knowledge, behavior, and attitude. Sustainability, 12(9), 3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093683
  29. Lim, H., Heckman, S., Montalto, C. P., & Letkiewicz, J. (2014). Financial stress, self-efficacy, and financial help-seeking behavior of college students. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 25(2), 148-160. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2537579
  30. Lone, U. M., & Bhat, S. A. (2022). Impact of financial literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-022-00183-8
  31. literacy on financial well-being: a mediational role of financial self-efficacy. Journal of Financial Services Marketing, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-022-00183-8
  32. Lown, J. M. (2011). Development and validation of a financial self-efficacy scale. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 22(2), 54. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2006665
  33. Lukesi, E., Rahadjeng, E. R., & Satiti, N. R. (2021). Effect of financial attitudes, financial knowledge, locus of control, and financial self-efficacy to financial management behavior in millennial generation. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan (JAMANIKA), 1(01), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.22219/jamanika.v1i1.16027
  34. Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2011). Financial literacy and retirement planning in the United States. Journal of pension economics & finance, 10(4), 509-525.
  35. Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2017). How ordinary consumers make complex economic decisions: Financial literacy and retirement readiness. Quarterly Journal of Finance, 7(03), 1750008. https://doi.org/10.1017/S147474721100045X
  36. Lusardi, A., & Tufano, P. (2015). Debt literacy, financial experiences, and overindebtedness. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 14(4), 332-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747215000232
  37. Mbarire, T. T., & Ali, A. I. (2014). Determinants of financial literacy levels among employees of Kenya Ports Authority in Kenya. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting, 5(16), 44-52. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/234630096.pdf
  38. Merkoulova, Y., & Veld, C. (2022). Stock return ignorance. Journal of Financial Economics, 144(3), 864-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2021.06.016
  39. Mulla, J. D. (2022). The Moderating Effects of Consumer Fintech Use, Financial Knowledge Confidence, and Financial Self-Efficacy on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Millennial Saving Behavior (Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte).
  40. Noor, N., Batool, I., & Arshad, H. M. (2020). Financial literacy, financial self-efficacy and financial account ownership behavior in Pakistan. Cogent Economics & Finance, 8(1), 1806479. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2020.1806479
  41. Nguyen, T. A. N., & Nguyen, K. M. (2020). Role of financial literacy and peer effect in promotion of financial market participation: Empirical evidence in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), 7(6), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no6.001
  42. Nusron, L. A., Wahidiyah, M., & Budiarto, D. S. (2018). Antecedent factors of financial management behavior: An empirical research based on education. KnE Social Sciences, 437-445. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3146
  43. OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 Results:Students and Money (Volume VI): Financial Literacy Skills for the 21st Century. Paris: . OECD Publishing.
  44. Pecson, R. R., Lampa, J. M., & Tadeo, J. G. (2019). Financial Literacy among Indigent Families : Baseline for Financial Literacy Initiatives. 6(5), 48–53.
  45. Radianto, W. E. D., Efrata, T. C., Dewi, L., Effendi, L. V., & Salim, I. R. (2022). The roles of financial self efficacy and mental accounting in increasing financial motivation and behavior. http://dspace.uc.ac.id/handle/123456789/5523
  46. Rahman, M., Isa, C. R., Masud, M. M., Sarker, M., & Chowdhury, N. T. (2021). The role of financial behaviour, financial literacy, and financial stress in explaining the financial well-being of B40 group in Malaysia. Future Business Journal, 7(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-021-00099-0
  47. Ribaj, A., & Mexhuani, F. (2021). The impact of savings on economic growth in a developing country (the case of Kosovo). Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-00140-6
  48. Rizkiawati, N. L., & Asandimitra, N. (2018). Pengaruh demografi, financial knowledge, financial attitude, locus of control dan financial self-efficacy terhadap financial management behavior masyarakat surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen (JIM), 6(3), 93-103. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230763786.pdf
  49. Rothwell, D. W., Khan, M. N., & Cherney, K. (2016). Building financial knowledge is not enough: Financial self-efficacy as a mediator in the financial capability of low-income families. Journal of Community Practice, 24(4), 368-388. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2016.1233162
  50. Sabri, M. F., & Aw, E. C. X. (2019). Financial literacy and related outcomes: The role of financial information sources. International journal of business and society, 20(1), 286-298.
  51. Sanjeewa, W. S., Hongbing, O., & Hashmi, S. H. (2019). Determinants of life insurance consumption in emerging insurance markets of South-Asia. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 11(4), 109-129.
  52. Schukajlow, S., Achmetli, K., & Rakoczy, K. (2019). Does constructing multiple solutions for real-world problems affect self-efficacy?. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 100, 43-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-018-9847-y
  53. Tejero, E. P., Pilongo, L. W. R., & Pamaran, F. T. (2019). Financial literacy in relation to financial management. University of Bohol Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 7(1), 138-165. https://doi.org/10.15631/ubmrj.v7i1.125