Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 33 no. 3 (2025)

Problem-Solving Styles, Work Attitude, and Motivation of School Heads in Relation to Work Performance: Basis for Intervention

Caridad Ellera | Doreen Bandiez

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study entitled “Problem-Solving Styles, Work Attitude, and Motivation of School Heads in Relation to Work Performance: Basis for Intervention” was to examine the level of problem-solving styles, work attitude, and motivation on the work performance of the school heads. A Survey Questionnaire for Problem-Solving Styles, Work Attitude, and Motivation was administered to 105 respondents, who were the school heads from the Division of Talisay City and the Division of Bacolod City. Their Office Performance Commitment and Review Form was the basis for their work performance. To know the level of problem-solving styles and motivation, the mean was used and interpreted as very high, high, average, low, and very low. To know the level of work attitude, the mean was interpreted as very positive, positive, moderate, negative, and very negative. With the use of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney, the results of this study revealed a significant difference in the problem-solving styles of school heads in terms of age, gender, and length of service. Using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney, the findings showed no significant difference in the work attitude of the school heads regarding age, gender, and length of service. Based on the results, it was found that there was a significant difference in the motivation level of school heads in terms of age. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the motivation level regarding gender and length of service. Finally, using gamma, there was no significant relationship between the school heads’ problem-solving styles, work attitude, and motivation toward their work performance.



References:

  1. Abbasi AA, Bordia P. (2019). Thinking, young and old: cognitive job demands and strain across the lifespan. Work, Aging Retire. 
  2. Aganon, R. (2021). Leadership Behavior and Competence of Public Secondary School. Administrators in the Divison of Cagayan:  Basis for a Compelling Based Action Program. 
  3. Anderson, C. & Anderson, D. (2019). An analysis of the effect of Jungian problem-solving style dimensions on marketing decisions.  Developments in Business Simulation & Experiential Exercises. Vol. 8. 
  4. Aprecia, N., et. al. (2022). A Descriptive Correlational Study on the Physical Environment and Perceived Academic Performance of  STEM Online Learners. Notre Dame of Marvel University. 
  5. Asadullah, et. al. (2021). Gender differences and employee performance: Evidence from the restaurant industry. Journal of Hospitality  and Tourism Management. Vol. 48, pp. 248-255. 
  6. Avcı, Ö., & Ayyıldız, E. (2020). Eğitimde motivasyon [Motivation in education]. Nobel Yayıncılık. 
  7. Barnes-Farrel, J. L. & Matthews, R. A. (2018). Age and work attitudes. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the  21st century (pp. 139–162). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 
  8. Barnes-Farrell, J. L., & Matthews, R. A. (2018). Age and work attitudes. In K. S. Shultz & G. A. Adams (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 139–162). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. 
  9. Cabrera, W. & Estacio D. (2022). Job attitude as a factor on employees performance. International Journal of Economics and  Development Resarch. Vol. 3, No. 1. 
  10. Camara, J. (2023). The Correlation Between Principal’s Gender, School Geography, and School Success. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia  Gemilang Vol.4, No.1, 2024, pp. 2032. 
  11. Campa, P. & Serafinelli, M. (2019). How Are Gender-role Attitudes and Attitudes Toward Work Formed? Lesson from the Rise and  Fall of the Iron Curtain. From: https://freepolicybriefs.org/2019/01/21/gender-in-economics-from-survival-tocareer -opportunities/ 
  12. Cankaya, S. & Serin, O. (2018). Analysis of the Relationship Between School Heads’ Leadership, Problem Solving and Critical  Thinking Skills. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies. Vol. 8. 
  13. Cherry, K. (2023). How the Myers-Briggs type indicator works. From https://www.verywellmind.com/the-myers-briggs-type indicator.
  14. Chieng, M. et al., (2024). Exploring the Leadership of School Heads Assigned in Last Mile Schools: A Phenomenology. 
  15. Codilla, K. (2019). Work attitudes among office personnel at MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City Philippines. Journal of  Governance and Public Policy. Vol. 6, No. 1. 
  16. Demirdag, Seyithan. (2021). School Principals' Instructional Leadership as a Predictor of Teacher Motivation. i.e.: inquiry in education:  Vol. 13: Iss. 2, Article 6. 
  17. Drenth, A. J. (2023). Thinking, feeling, sensing & intuition: a closer look at Jung’s functions. https://personalityjunkie.com/ 
  18. Franssen, T., Stijnen, M., Hamers, F., & Schneider, F. (2020). Age differences in demographic, social and health-related factors  associated with loneliness across the adult life span (19–65 years): a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health 20,  1118. 
  19. Fujimoto, T. (2018). Gender Differences in Attitudes Towards Work Group in the United States and Japan. International Journal of  Japanese Sociology, 4(1), pages 57–73. 
  20. Galate, R. & Galate, M. L. (2023). roblem-Solving And Decision-Making Skills of School Administrators Influenced by their  Individual Preferences .Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers,Vol. 14(1). 267-278. 
  21. Galate, R. (2023). Problem-solving and decision-making skills of school administrators influenced by their individual preferences.  Journal for Educators, Teachers and Trainers. 
  22. Ghodrati, M., Bavandian, L., Moghaddam, M. M., & Attaran, A. (2018). On the relationship between problem-solving trait and the  performance on C-test. Theory and practice in language studies, 4(5), 1093-1100. 
  23. Gordon, H. (2018). Relationship between length of service and employee performance ratings in large industrial corporations. ETD  Collection for Pace University. AAI8205513. 
  24. Güclü, M. (2018). Egitim felsefesi. (1st ed). Pegem. 
  25. Günes, A. M. (2022). The Relationship between problem-solving skills, burnout levels and self-efficacy beliefs of school principals.  International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 9(3), 590-602. 
  26. Heath, C. (2023). What is purposive sampling? https://dovetail.com/research/purposi vesampling/ 
  27. Hermogeno, K. & Dulos, C. (2022). Work attitude and performance of elementary school teachers in the city division of San Carlos.  International Journal of Scientific and Management Research. Volume 5, Issue 1. 
  28. Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (2021). Educational Administration: McGraw – Hill International. 
  29. Ikechukwu, U.O. (2018). School administration and policy. Owerri: Tobby Publishers. 
  30. Iremeka, F., et. al. (2022). Principals’ social skills, emotional and work attitude management for effective secondary school administration in Enugu State. Webology. Volume 19. 
  31. Jung, Carl G. (1923). Psychological Types. London: Rutledge and Kegan Paul, Ltd. 
  32. Jung, Carl G. (1971). Psychological Types. Princeton University Press. 
  33. Khan, M. J., Younas, T., & Ashraf, S. (2018). Problem Solving Styles as Predictor of Life. Satisfaction Among University Students.  Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 31(1). 
  34. Lavelle M, Alonso D, Luria R, Drew T. (2021). Visual working memory load plays limited, to no role in encoding distractor objects  during visual search. Vis Cogn. 
  35. Lumby, J. (2019). Distributed leadership and bureaucracy. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 47(1), 5–19.  Maurer, et. al. (2019). Gender and attitudes towards work. National Library of Medicine. 
  36. Meador, D. (2019). Problems for Teachers that Limit Effectiveness. Retrieved From www.about.com.  
  37. Nyamubi, G. (2021). The Influence of Heads of Schools’ Inspirational Motivation on Teachers’ Work Performance. Asian Journal of  Management Sciences & Education Vol. 10. 
  38. O’brien, G. (2018). Evaluation of job characteristics theory of work attitudes and performance. Australian Journal of Psychology. 
  39. Odogwu, P.E. (2020). Supervisory importance of school principals’ roles and responsibilities: A critical view point. Journal of  Education in Policy Issues, 1(2), 1423. 
  40. Ogola, M. et al., (2020). Effect of School Heads’ Inspirational Motivation Leadership Practices on Students Academic Achievement in Public High Schools in Kumasi Metropolitan, Ghana. Journal of Education and Practice Vol.11  
  41. Oktar, Ç., Deniz, V., & Özen, H. (2021). Problems faced by school administrators regarding different genders. Osmangazi Journal of  Educational Research, 8(2), 199- 227.  
  42. Patti, S. & Trizzino, G. (2019). Advanced integrated approaches to environmental economics and policy: Emerging research  opportunities. Research Insights. ISBN 13: 9781522595625.  
  43. Reizer, A., Brender-Ilan, Y., Sheaffer Z. (2019). Employee motivation, emotions and performance: a longitudinal diary study. J Manag  Pschol 34(6):415–428  
  44. Saraki, L.E. (2020). School community co-existence: The role of security education. Journal of Education in Policy Issues, 1(2), 24- 35.  
  45. Sato, H. & Uchiyama, E. (2023). Digital transformation in primary and secondary education in Japan. From https://www.igi global.com/dictionary/principal/23360.  
  46. Selvarajan, T., Slattery, J. & Stringer, D. (2018). Relationship between gender and work related attitudes: a study of temporary agency  employees. Journal of Business Research.  
  47. Serin, O. (2018). Analysis of the Relationship Between School Heads’ Leadership, Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Skills.  
  48. Siraj, M. et al., (2022). The Relationship Between School Heads’ Transformational and Structural Leadership Styles Towards Teachers’  Teaching Motivation.  
  49. Sonia, S. (2023). Understanding gender differences: problem-solving and communication styles. From  https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/understanding-gender-differencesprob lem-solving-styles-sonia-sonia-g9lof 
  50. Sukandar, A. (2018). The role of leadership and motivation of school headmaster in improving teacher performance. International  Journal of Nusantara Islam, Vol, 06, No. 2.  
  51. Suriansyah, A. et al., (2023). The Correlation of School Principal Communication, Work Ethic, and Work Motivation to Teacher  Performance.  
  52. Wanakacha, C. (2018). Gender Differences in Motivation and Teacher Performance in Core Functions in Kenyan Secondary Schools.  Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.  
  53. Wychowaniec, W. (2018). Attitudes towards work in the context of the age of employees. Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues  59(2/1).  
  54. Yusuf, F., Omolayo, B. & Azikiwe, J. (2018). Influence of gender, work environment, length of service and age of academic staff on  attitude to work. People International Journal of Social Sciences.  

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic