Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 49 no. 4 (2025)

Response to Intervention in Reading: Strategies in Teaching Intermediate Level in Naga Central Elementary School

Chenee Bejona

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

Response to Intervention (RTI) is an educational approach used to help students who are struggling with learning, specifically in Reading. It focuses on early identification and support through a tiered system of interventions. This study explores the effectiveness of Response to Intervention (RTI) strategies in enhancing reading performance among intermediate-level learners at Naga Central Elementary School. Reading proficiency remains a crucial component of academic success, especially at the intermediate level, where students transition from learning to read to reading to learn. In Naga Central Elementary School, varying levels of reading ability among students prompted the implementation of the Response to Intervention (RTI) framework to address individual learning needs. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of specific RTI strategies in improving reading performance among intermediate learners. A qualitative-descriptive research design was employed, involving purposive sampling of teachers from Grades 4 to 6 and selected students. Data were gathered through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis of reading assessments. RTI strategies analyzed included tiered instruction, small-group interventions, and individualized support plans. It addresses queries related to the respondents' profiles, including the extent of use of the presented strategies in teaching reading, the performance of students during the second quarter, the activities used by the teacher during the teaching and learning process, and enhanced reading teaching activities. The study identifies the specific RTI strategies employed by teachers in the school, assesses their impact on student reading performance, and explores the challenges educators face in implementing these interventions. Findings indicate that tailored interventions such as small-group instruction, differentiated reading materials, and targeted skills development were effective in enhancing students' reading comprehension and fluency. The study concludes by highlighting the importance of teacher training, resource availability, and administrative support in successfully implementing RTI strategies. Recommendations for future practice include expanding RTI training for educators and integrating more dynamic instructional tools to further improve reading skills across grade levels.



References:

  1. Academic Research and Dissertation Consulting. Retrieved January 17, 2023                                                                from https://precisionconsultingcompany.com/dissertation-statistics.shtml?group=qualitative&gclid=Cj0KCQi
  2. Adams, C.The Hechinger Report. Covering Innovation & Inequality in Education. Weighing the best strategies for reading intervention, April 18,2022.Retrieved November 17, 2022 from https://hechingerreport.org/weighing-the-best-strategies-for-reading-intervention/
  3. Alexander, C. M. (2012). Facebook usage and academic achievement of high school students: A quantitative analysis. Retrieved June 13, 2015, from http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1112071638.html?FMT=AI
  4. Bailey, Becky A., Ph.D., Conscious Discipline Building Resilient Classrooms.Oviedo, FL: Loving Guidance, Inc., 2014.
  5. Bantilan, M. (2024). Gender Dynamics in the Education Workforce: Trends and Implications. Education Research Press.
  6. Brown, A. (2016). Response to Intervention tiers: Implementation and outcomes. Journal of Educational Practice, 12(3), 45-58.
  7. Buffum, A., Mattos, M., Weber, C. Simplifying Response to Intervention: Four Essential Guiding Principles. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press,2012.
  8. Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on Its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25-36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20
  9. Deped Memorandum No. 001, s. 2024. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/DM_s2024_001.pdf
  10. Dodson, Judith. 50 Nifty Activities for 5 Components and 3 Tiers of Reading              Instruction.Longmont, Colorado: Sopris West Educational Services, 2008.
  11. DuFour R. & R., Eaker R., Many T.W., Mattos M. Learning by Doing: A Handbook for Professional Learning Communities at Work. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press, 2006, 2010, 2016.
  12. Endo, A., Ed.d..Reading Intervention Strategies for Struggling Readers.Retrieved November 20, 2022, from
  13. Erdemir, N. (2010). Primary school teachers' levels of self-efficacy according to various settlement areas. Asia Pacific Education Review, 12(2), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-010-9134-9
  14. Experience Management. Your ultimate guide to sampling methods and best practices. Retrieved from January 16, 2023, from https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/research/sampling-methods/
  15. Foresman, Scott. Sidewalks Early Reading Intervention. East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois: ISBN:0-328-26058-4.
  16. Fountas, I.C., Pinnell, G.S. Guiding Readers and Writers: Teaching Comprehension, Genre, and Content Literacy.Portsmouth, NH: Library of Congress, 2001. https://www.hmhco.com/blog/reading-intervention-strategies-for-struggling-readers
  17. Huang, J. & Chen, G. (2018). From reading strategy instruction to student reading achievement: the mediating role of student motivational factors. Psychology in the Schools, 56(5), 724-740. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22217
  18. Hudson, A. K., Moore, K. A., Han, B., Koh, P. W., Binks‐Cantrell, E., & Joshi, R. M. (2021). Elementary teachers' knowledge of foundational literacy skills: A critical piece of the reading science puzzle. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(S1). https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.408
  19. Llego, Mark Anthony. Reading Intervention Strategies for Teachers: Detailed Guide.Retrieved November 20, 2022, from https://www.teacherph.com/reading-intervention-strategies/
  20. Main, A. (2023). Response to Intervention: Strategies for Early Academic Support. Education Press.
  21. Moats, L.Launching Young Readers! Reading Rockets.Retrieved
  22. Moors, A., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Automaticity: A theoretical and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132(2), 297–326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.297
  23. National Center on Intensive Intervention. Launching young readers! Reading Rockets.Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://www.readingrockets.org/article/literacy-strategies-support-intensifying-interventions
  24. Paige, D. D., Smith, G., & Magpuri-Lavell, T. (2019). Learning to improve: report of a three-year capacity-building project leveraging professional development + coaching to improve third-grade reading outcomes. Advances in Literary Study, 07(04), 193-223. https://doi.org/10.4236/als.2019.74013
  25. Pardede, P. (2008). A Review of Reading Theories and Their Implications for the Teaching of Reading. Retrieved from November 24, 2022, from https://parlindunganpardede.wordpress.com/articles/language-teaching/a-review-on-reading-theories-and-its-implication-to-the-teaching-of-reading/
  26. Pedditzi, M. L., Fadda, D., & Cannas, A. G. (2021). Gender differences and school teachers: A sociological perspective. International Journal of Educational Research, 109, 101870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101870
  27. Peterson, P. E., & Ackerman, M. (2015). The Common Core and Education Reform: What It All Means for Politics, Policy, and the Future of Schooling. Harvard Education Press.
  28. Pope, Natalie Gray (2022). A Qualitative Study Identifying Perspectives, Experiences, and Needs of School Principals and Teachers to Lead a Culture of Differentiated Teaching and Learning.Retrieved from June 1, 2025, from https://digitalcommons.latech.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1963&context=dissertations
  29. Republic Act No. 10533. Retrieved from https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/sites/default/files/2022-10/20130515-RA-10533-BSA.pdf
  30. Robinson, J. (2024). Understanding behaviorism: Principles and applications. Psychology Press.
  31. Rutherford, Paula. Why didn't I learn this in College? Second Edition.Teaching & Learning in the 21st Century.Alexandria, Virginia: ASK Publications & Professional Development, 2009,2014.
  32. Samuel, A. G. (2007). The role of automaticity in the perception of speech. In M. G. Gaskell (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics (pp. 227–244). Oxford University Press.
  33. Sebastian, M. A., BANATE, R., & SAQUIN, M. (2022). Gender Roles among Public Elementary Teachers: A Basis for Gender-Responsive Intervention Activities. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 11(2), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.55020/iojpe.1222199
  34. Sirisilla, P. (2023). Research design analysis in Response to Intervention strategies for intermediate-level reading instruction.
  35. Snow, P. C. (2022, February 19). Leaving the balanced literacy habit behind: A theory of change. The Snow Report. https://pamelasnow.blogspot.com/2022/02/leaving-balanced-literacy-habit-behind.html
  36. Thomas, L. (2022, December 5).Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples.Scribbr.Retrieved July 19,  2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling
  37. Tomlinson, Carol Ann.How to Differentiate Instruction in Academically Diverse Classrooms.Alexandria, VA: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data, Third Edition 2017.
  38. Wang, Yen-Hui (2016, April 27). Reading Strategy Use and Comprehension Performance of More Successful and Less Successful Readers: A Think-aloud Study. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1115143.pdf
  39. Wentz, Amanda (2020, December).Effectiveness of Response to Intervention in Third Grade Reading Outcomes. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10946&context=dissertations
  40. Winfree, L., Chapel, L., History of Response to Intervention(RTI). Retrieved November 24, 2022, from https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-response-to-intervention-rti.html

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic